Wednesday 26 November 2014

Quick and #healthy #recipe: Asian Veggie Spread

Posted By Kyle J. Norton 
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Recipe contributed by Yum-O, the family cook book by Rachel Ray, Published by Clarkson Potter, New York.You can view her website at yum-o.org  


Ingredients
3 Scallions, green and white parts, finely
1/4 seedless cucumber, finely chopped
1 tablespoon tamari or soy sauce
8 ounces low-fat of regular cream cheese, at room temperature
Instructions
In a bowl, combine all of the ingredients and mix thoroughly
Serves 4  


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Tuesday 25 November 2014

Women's Health - Premenstrual syndrome(PMS): The Adverse effects of Alcohol(Revised edition with references)

By Kyle J. Norton 
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

 Premenstrual syndrome is defined as faulty function of the ovaries related to the women's menstrual cycle, effected over 70% to 90% of women in the US and lesser for women in Southeast Asia because of difference in living style and social structure. The syndrome also interferes women's physical and emotional states, and daily activities as a result of hormone fluctuation and occurs one to two weeks before menstruation and then declines when the period starts.

The effects of alcohol
1. Liver functions
Moderate intake of no more than 2 glasses of wine is helpful in liver carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism(2) by increasing the blood flow and awareness of the nervous system. Excessive drinking damages the liver function(1)(2).
a) Detoxifying
Liver is a first line defense of our body besides in fighting against foreign invasion such as forming of free radical and bacteria and virus(3), it also helps to detoxify our body toxic(4) caused by environment toxins accumulation or any harmful substance coming into our body through diet or the air we breath, etc. Without strong liver , it causes over production of estrogen(5) resulting in premenstrual syndrome.

b) Menstrual pain and cramps
Without strong liver function, it induced over production of bad prostaglandins hormone PGE2(6) in promoting over reacted uterine muscle cause of menstrual pain and cramps(7).

c) Food craving
Liver is essential in regulating the pancreas in production of insulin(8). Abnormal function of liver in crease the risk of over production of insulin, leading to food craving(9) and  over production of adrenaline hormone which causes stress(10).

2. Nutritions and minerals deficiency
Alcohol inhibits the breakdown of vitamins and minerals into usable molecule by decreasing digestive enzymes secretion and damage the lining of stomach in absorbing vital nutrients(11) by blocking the transportation of nutrients into the blood stream resulting in nutrients deficiency(11)  including vitamin B complex, zinc, magnesium, potassium etc. leading to symptoms of PMS.
Example : Low levels of zinc causes over production of prolaclin(13) resulting in breast tenderness(12)
Low levels of potassium causes abnormal lymphatic function(14) and high levels of
sodium resulting in fluid retention(15).

3. Liver dysfunction
Moderate drinking alcohol generally produces feelings of relaxation and cheerfulness, but excessive drinking has the opposite effects in causing liver steatosis as fatty acids build up as plaques in the capillary around liver cells(16), leading to increase the severeness of symptoms of PMS(5).


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Fat-Burning Paleo Recipes Quickly And Easily

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References
(1) Animals models of gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Animal models of alcohol-induced liver disease: pathophysiology, translational relevance, and challenges. Mathews S1, Xu M1, Wang H1, Bertola A1, Gao B2.(PubMed)
(2) Vodka and wine consumption in a swine model of metabolic syndrome alters insulin signaling pathways in the liver and skeletal muscle. Elmadhun NY1, Lassaletta AD, Chu LM, Bianchi C, Sellke FW.(PubMed)
(3) Liver-inherent immune system: its role in blood-stage malaria. Wunderlich F1, Al-Quraishy S2, Dkhil MA3(PubMed)
(4) [Humoral factors in the regulation of the natural resistance of the body in toxic lesion of the liver]. [Article in Russian] Stepanov IuB(PubMed)
(5) Differential effects of estrogen/androgen on the prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the male rat. Zhang H1, Liu Y, Wang L, Li Z, Zhang H, Wu J, Rahman N, Guo Y, Li D, Li N, Huhtaniemi I, Tsang SY, Gao GF, Li X(PubMed)
(6) Effects of bile acids on the muscle functions of guinea pig gallbladder. Xiao ZL1, Rho AK, Biancani P, Behar J.(PubMed)
(7) Effects of naproxen sodium on menstrual prostaglandins and primary dysmenorrhea. Chan WY, Fuchs F, Powell AM.(PubMed)
(8) Whole-Body and Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Obese Children. Ibarra-Reynoso LD, Pisarchyk L, Pérez-Luque EL, Garay-Sevilla ME, Malacara JM(PubMed)
(9) Neural correlates of stress- and food cue-induced food craving in obesity: association with insulin levels. Jastreboff AM1, Sinha R, Lacadie C, Small DM, Sherwin RS, Potenza MN.(PubMed)
(10) Cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, serotonin, adrenaline and noradrenaline serum concentrations in relation to disease and stress in the horse. Ayala I1, Martos NF, Silvan G, Gutierrez-Panizo C, Clavel JG, Illera JC(PubMed)
(11) [Nutrition and chronic alcohol abuse]. [Article in Spanish] Moreno Otero R1, Cortés JR.(PubMed)
(12) Zinc and copper levels in premenstrual syndrome. Chuong CJ1, Dawson EB.(PubMed)
(13) Maternal zinc deficiency raises plasma prolactin levels in lactating rats. Chowanadisai W1, Kelleher SL, Lönnerdal B.(PubMed)
(14) [Roles of ATP-sensitive potassium pathway in regulating lymphatic function]. [Article in Chinese] Zhang LM1, Niu CY, Zhao ZG, Li K, Sun CY.(PubMed)
(15) High dietary sodium chloride consumption may not induce body fluid retention in humans. Heer M1, Baisch F, Kropp J, Gerzer R, Drummer C.(PubMed)
(16) [Effects of jingqianshu granule on expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta mRNA in hypothalamus and hippocampus of PMS rats with liver-qi depression]. [Article in Chinese] Zhang H1, Ma J.(PubMed)

Quick and #healthy #recipe: Bottom of the box breakfast sundae

Posted By Kyle J. Norton 
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Recipe contributed by Yum-O, the family cook book by Rachel Ray, Published by Clarkson Potter, New York.You can view her website at yum-o.org 

Ingredients
1/2 cup berries of your choice
1/2 cup vanilla yogurt
1/4 cup cereal from the bottom of a box. such as cornflakes or crisped rice

Instructions
Layer the ingredients into a glass or parfait dish beginning with berries, then the yogurt, and then the cereal. Repeat two more times to finish with of cereal on top.
Serves 1
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Monday 24 November 2014

Women's Health - Premenstrual syndrome(PMS): The adverse effects of Artificial Sweetener

By Kyle J. Norton 
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

 Premenstrual syndrome is defined as faulty function of the ovaries related to the women's menstrual cycle, effected over 70% to 90% of women in the US and lesser for women in Southeast Asia because of difference in living style and social structure. The syndrome also interferes women's physical and emotional states, and daily activities as a result of hormone fluctuation and occurs one to two weeks before menstruation and then declines when the period starts.

1. Is artificial sweetener safe?
We are made to believe no calories sweetener promoted control weigh(1) and misled in believing that sweetener is better than sugar, Unfortunately, consumption sweetener was associated to weigh gain  in the study of a sample of 22,231 adults(2)
 In fact, it is not true. Sugar helps to provide energy for our body need, over consumption is the problem while sweetener contains aspartame, the substance causes more harm than good to our body including brain(4) and heart(3) and symptoms of pre menstrual syndrome such as depression, mood change(4) and anxiety(5).

2. Serotonin
Artificial sweetener depresses the nervous system(9) in fighting against stress resulting in less levels of serotonin(7) being produced leading to mood swing and depression(4).

3. Amino acids
Amino acids are important for liver in protein metabolism(8). Artificial sweetener contains high levels of aspartic and phenylalanine  over 150 times sweeter than sugar, taking artificial sweetener may cause over dose of such amino acids(10) resulting in increasing the risk of nervous tension leading to memory lose, mood swing, depression and symptoms of PMS(4).

4. Methanol
 When digest, methanol in the sweetener converts to formaldehyde(13) which is toxic to our body resulting in unbalancing the protein metabolism of the brain(12) leading to symptoms of PMS such as mood swing, depression(4) and anxiety(5). if it is over dose.

5. Addictive
The chemical aspartame is so addictive. It is wise to stop taking artificial sweetener slowly or ask your doctor for help. Abruptly stop taking aspartame may cause withdrawal symptoms(13).

6. Obesity and metabolic syndrome
Long term consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS), particularly aspartame in perigestational period has shown to predispose offspring to develop obesity and metabolic syndrome later in life(6).
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Celebrity Patti Stanger Will Coach You To Get Him/Her
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References

(1) Low and no calorie sweeteners (LNCS); myths and realities. Riobó Serván P1, Sierra Poyatos R2, Soldo Rodríguez J3.(PubMed)
(2) Consumption of low-calorie sweeteners among U.S. adults is associated with higher Healthy Eating Index (HEI 2005) scores and more physical activity. Drewnowski A1, Rehm CD2.(PubMed)
(3) Modified High-Density Lipoproteins by Artificial Sweetener, Aspartame, and Saccharin, Showed Loss of Anti-atherosclerotic Activity and Toxicity in Zebrafish. Kim JY1, Park KH, Kim J, Choi I, Cho KH.(PubMed)
(4) Neurobehavioral effects of aspartame consumption. Lindseth GN1, Coolahan SE, Petros TV, Lindseth PD.(PubMed)
(5) Anxiety in mice following acute aspartame and ethanol exposure. LaBuda CJ1, Hale RL.(PubMed)
(6) Exposure to non-nutritive sweeteners during pregnancy and lactation: Impact in programming of metabolic diseases in the progeny later in life. Araújo JR1, Martel F2, Keating E3.(PubMed)
(7) Effects of repeated doses of aspartame on serotonin and its metabolite in various regions of the mouse brain. Sharma RP, Coulombe RA Jr.(PubMed)
(8) Relation between glutamine, branched-chain amino acids, and protein metabolism. Holecek M.(PubMed)
(9) Effects of aspartame metabolites on astrocytes and neurons. Rycerz K1, Jaworska-Adamu JE.(PubMed)
(10) Effect of aspartame and protein, administered in phenylalanine-equivalent doses, on plasma neutral amino acids, aspartate, insulin and glucose in man. Møller SE.(PubMed)
(11) Aspartame ingestion with and without carbohydrate in phenylketonuric and normal subjects: effect on plasma concentrations of amino acids, glucose, and insulin. Wolf-Novak LC1, Stegink LD, Brummel MC, Persoon TJ, Filer LJ Jr, Bell EF, Ziegler EE, Krause WL.(PubMed)
(12) [Cognitive disorders in workers engaged into formaldehyde and methanol production]. [Article in Russian] [No authors listed](PubMed)
(13) Aspartame Withdrawal Symptoms: List Of Possibilities by Mental Health Daily Mental Health Blog

Quick and #Healthy #recipe: Hot and #spicy #Walnuts

Posted By Kyle J. Norton 
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Recipe attribute to Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn

Nut hits the spot as snack, and this snack is loaded with them. walnuts have more heart-healthy Omega-3 fat than other nuts. Use canola oil in the recipe to boost it Omega 3 content even more.

Prep. 10 minutes
Bake 20 minutes
Cool 15 minutes
Oven 300 degree F
Make 8 (1/4 cup) servings

1 tsp. ground coriander
1 tsp. ground cumin
!/2 tsp. salt
1/4 tsp. freshly ground black pepper
1/2 tsp. cayenne pepper
2 cups walnuts halves
1 tsp. cooking oil

In a small bowl stir together coriander, cumin, salt, black pepper, and cayenne pepper; set aside. Place nuts in a 13x9x2 inch baking pan. Drizzle with the oil, stir to coat. Sprinkle with choice mixture; toss lightly.
Baking in a 300 degrees oven for 20 mutinies or until nuts are slightly toasted, stirring once or twice. Cool in pan for 15 minutes. Turn out onto paper towels; cool completely. Store, covered in a cool place.
Nutrition facts per serving: 214 Cal. 21 g total fat(2g sat. fat), O mg cholesterol, 147 mg sodium, 4g carbo, 2 g fiber, 5 g pro.
Daily value: 1% vitamin C, 3% calcium, 5% iron.
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Sunday 23 November 2014

(Preview) Most common diseases of 50 plus - Thyroid Disease - Thyroid Adenoma : Preventions, Managements and Treatments

By Kyle J. Norton 
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                                          Thyroid disease
 Thyroid disease is defined as a condition of malfunction of thyroid gland.

     Thyroid disease: Thyroid adenoma
 
Thyroid adenoma is a benign tumor started in the layer of cell lined the inner surface of the thyroid gland. The disease is relatively common among adults living in the United States. Most thyroid nodules are Thyroid adenoma.

A. Risk factors
1. According to the study by the University of Campinas
a. Graves’ disease
 The prevalence of thyroid nodules and thyroid carcinoma in Graves' disease was 27.78% and 5.05%, respectively.
b. Older age with larger thyroid volumes are associated to increased risk of nodules.
c. Younger age and larger thyroid volume are associated to risk of thyroid carcinoma.
d. In patient with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, the prevalence of thyroid nodules and carcinomas was 50.7% and 7.8%, respectively(8).

2. Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic syndrome such as hypertension, prediabetes and diabetes was all associated to independent risk factors for thyroid nodules(TN) after adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, blood lipid levels, smoking status, and alcohol consumption(10)

4. Insulin resistance (IR)
According to the study by the Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, patients with impaired glucose metabolism have significantly increased thyroid volume and nodule risks(11)(12).

5. BRAF mutations
BRAF mutation (BRAFmut) was significantly associated with increased risk of thyroid lesions including Hashimoto´s thyroiditis, nodular goiters, hyperplastic nodules, follicular adenomas (FA), etc., according to the study by the King Abdulaziz University(13).


B. Causes
1. Iodine deficiency and excess
Iodine, as a trace element, is essential for thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). According to study, iodine deficiency can cause hypothyroidism, developmental brain disorders and goiter, leading to mental retardation and brain damage as well as   induced  miscarriages, stillbirths, and other complications in in pregnant women(4). On the other hand, iodine excess induced colloid goiter, the benign, noncancerous overgrowths of thyroid tissue with diagnosis of normal serum T4 and slightly decreased TSH. Depending to the severity of iodine deficiency or extent of iodine excess, each condition has a different thyroid tumor promotion mechanism(5).

2. Radiation therapy
Patients received radiotherapy to the head, neck, and upper thorax are at increased risk of developing subsequent thyroid malignancies, according to the University of Western Ontario(6).

3. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
 B-Raf protein is responsible for cell signalling inside cells in regulation of cell growth.
According to the study by the University of Crete, deregulation of B-Raf  showed to postpone  onset of benign and malignant thyroid disease by more than 10 years(7).

C. Symptoms
Most people with thyroid adenoma are experience no symptoms. Symptoms may include the below, if the tumor has been growth large enough to interfere the function of nearby cells or organs or if it is a functional tumor, which produce excessive thyroid hormone to cause hyperthyroidism.
1. Difficulty breathing and swallowing
If the tumor is growth large enough, it may interfere with breathing of the lung such as partial blocking the air way or the food passing to the pharynx.

2. Voice changes
If the tumor is growth large enough, it may interfere with the voice box.

3. Neck pain
If the tumor is growth large enough, it may suppress the nerve cell in the neck.

4. Hypertension
Hyperthyroidism is associated with unpleasant symptoms and hypertension due to increased adrenergic tone, according to the study by the Harran University Faculty of Medicine(1).

5. Other symptoms 
Depending to the age of the patients with thyroid adenoma, the presence of hyperthyroidism may be experience certain symptoms of tachycardia, fatigue, and weight loss, hyperactive reflexes, increased sweating, heat intolerance, tremor, nervousness, polydipsia, and increased appetite, anorexia, atrial fibrillation and goiter, according to the study by the Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Rouen(2).

6. If thyroid adenoma is presented in people who have Hashimoto’s disease
According to the article by Dr. Bethany Taylor, posted in Steadyhealth, patients with Hashimoto’s disease may experience “general muscle slow-down leads to tiredness, while reduced body metabolism causes dry skin, hair loss, constipation and weight gain. Joints commonly swell up, while shortage of breath may develop due to effects on the heart. In women, periods may become heavy and slower brain activity might result in memory loss or poor concentration. Youngsters may fail to grow and may not do well at school”(3).

D. Complications and Disease associated to Thyroid adenoma
D.1. Complications
Hyperfunctioning nodules of the thyroid, found mostly in younger and predominantly female population contribute to 3% of thyroid cancer, according to the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center(14).

D.2. Disease associated to Thyroid adenoma
1. Laryngopharyngeal primary squamous cell carcinoma
Laryngopharyngeal primary squamous cell carcinoma is found to coexist with thyroid nodules in some patients and patients with advanced malignancy of the upper aerodigestive tract(15).

2. Gastric adenocarcinoma than urine iodine level
 Iodine deficiency, is more likely to be associated with gastric adenocarcinoma compared to the existing iodine deficiency itself(16).

3. Papillary thyroid carcinoma
Although thyroid nodules are less common among children than among adults, In children cwith thyroid cancer, the finding of a thyroid nodule is  20%, according to the study by the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center(17).

E. Misdiagnosis
1. Hyalinizing trabecular tumors (HTT)
Hyalinizing trabecular tumors (HTT) are very rare and difficult diagnosed thyroid tumors. The disease in some cases are misdiagnosed as  papillary carcinoma initially(18).

2. Totally cervical thymoma
Totally cervical thymoma arised from ectopic thymic tissue is extremely rare . In some case it may be misdiagnosed as a thyroid nodule(19).

3. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)
 Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) may be diagnosed as papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) by FNA cytology(20).

4. Pharyngoesophageal diverticulum
A pharyngoesophageal diverticulum can be mistaken for a thyroid nodule on ultrasound scan as a result of nonthyroidal lesions can mimic thyroid nodules on imaging, according to the study by the Alexandra Hospital, Singapore(21).

5. Primary thyroid paraganglioma
 Thyroid PGs are exceptionally rare tumors. In some cases, the diseases were misdiagnosed as medullar thyroid carcinoma (MTC) due to its anatomically mimic MTCs(22).

6. Anaplastic thyroid cancer
Riedel’s thyroiditis with a rapidly growing, hard, fixed, thyroid mass may mimic anaplastic thyroid cancer(23).

7. Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the thyroid is rare and can mimic a primary thyroid epithelial tumor or thyroiditis clinically(24).


F. Diagnosis
After recording the past and present history and completing a physical exam, including searching the nodule in the surrounding tissue and abnormal lymph nodes nearby. The tests ordered may include
1. Blood test
The aim of the test is to measure the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroid hormones (FT4 and FT3), anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies (anti-TPO), stimulating antibodies (TSI) levels for exclusion of other thyroid diseases(25).

2. Echography and Thyroid scintigraphy
Echography is the first line examination to evaluate thyroid nodules by providing information of their structure, as well as abnormalities associated with thyroiditis. Thyroid scintigraphy not only allows establishing the functional characteristics of thyroid nodules (warm or cold) but also precises the origin of a hypothyroidism(25).

3. Ultrasonography
All ultrasound examinations for thyroid nodule should include a malignancy risk assessment based on tissues or structures nature of the nodule. In patients with multinodular thyroid gland, precise nodule mapping is necessary to allow accurately identify the nature of nodule(s) on iodine scan. Guide fine needle aspiration (FNA) is used for suspicious nodules(26).

4. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) and Core needle biopsies (CNBs)
Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA)is the most commonly used diagnostic method for the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Core needle biopsies (CNBs) is used for the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma and other non-follicular thyroid lesions and in cases if FNA finding is suspicious for malignancy(27).

The below sections only apply, if Thyroid adenoma has become cancerous excepted section of Treatments in conventional medicine.

G. Preventions
G.1. Diet

1. Legumes, organic soy and peanut
Daidzein, is a phytochemical in the Isoflavones, belonging to the group of Flavonoids (polyphenols), found abundantly in food of the family of legumes, soy, peanut, etc. Combination of N-t-Boc-hexylenediamine derivative of 7-(O)-carboxymethyl daidzein (cD-tboc) and cytotoxic drugs showed to inhibit human thyroid cancer cell growth through deduction of  tumor volume with no apparent toxicity(28).

2. Organic Soybean
An acidic methanolic extract and . Genistein from soybeans inhibited thyroid peroxidase-(TPO) catalyzed reactions essential to thyroid hormone synthesis(29).

3. Green tea
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major catechin found abundantly in green tea, showed to possess remarkable therapeutic potential against various types of human cancer cells including thyroid cancer in vitro and in vivo models(30).

G.2. Phytochemicals
1. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)
According to the study by  University of Calabria, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibited cell proliferation and reduced motility of human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells through suppression of EGFR/ERK pathway and cyclin B1/CDK1 complex  in cell division(32).

2. Isoflavone derivatives
Isoflavone derivatives, N-t-Boc-hexylenediamine derivative of 7-(O)-carboxymethyl daidzein (cD-tboc) exhibited anti proliferative effect  through increased apoptosis and cell necrosis(death of most or all of the cells), according to study by the Tel-Aviv University(33).

3. Phytoestrogens
Epidemiological and pathological data suggest that thyroid cancer may well be an estrogen-dependent disease.  Dietary phytoestrogens (including isoflavones, daidzein and genistein, daidzein lignan, secoisolariciresinol) containing both estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties, showed to strongly associate with risk reduction,, according to the present data from a multiethnic population-based case-control study of thyroid cancer conducted in the San Francisco Bay Area. Of 817 cases diagnosed between 1995 and 1998(34).

G.3. Antioxidants
1. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA)
 ALA, a potential agent could be used as an adjunctive agent to increase efficacy of radioiodine therapy if combined with a strategy to increase NIS protein in transport iodide into follicular cells of the thyroid gland, according to the study by the University of Ulsan College of Medicine(35).

2. Selenium
According to the study by the Cancer Registry of Norway, mineral selenium (Se) might reduce the risk of cancer and according to a pre-diagnostic case-control study from 1986, patients with low levels of selenium are associated to increase risk of thyroid cancer(36).

3. Vitamin D
According to study, vitamin D(3), 25(OH)D(3) and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) all exhibit antiproliferative effect on two thyroid cancer cell lines(37).

4.  Coenzyme Q
 Coenzyme Q was found in reduced levels in the thyroid tissue of patients with Graves’ disease and follicular and papillary thyroid carcinomas(38).

H. Treatments
H.1. In conventional medicine perspective

1, Watchful waiting
In most cases of benign thyroid nodules, diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules, your doctor may suggest only simply watching your condition with regular interval physical exam and thyroid function tests(39).

2. Radiofrequency ablation
Audio frequency ablation is an effective and well tolerated treatment option for benign thyroid nodules. Radiofrequency ablation of recurrent thyroid cancers may be an alternative to surgery in patients at high surgical risk(41).

3. Surgery
If the tumor is growth large enough to interfere with function of nearby tissues or organs, surgery may be necessary.

5. In case of nodules that cause hyperthyroidism
a. Radioactive iodine
RAI therapy combined with lithium showed a higher cure rate, safe and time to cure was less than RAI alone(42). Treatment with radioactive iodine in patients with hyperthyroidism such as Graves' disease patient may induce swelling of the tissue(40).

b. Medication such as methimazole (MMI)
The aim of the medication is to reduce the symptoms of the disease but causes serious side effect(42a).

c. Surgery
In some cases if treatment with radioactive iodine or anti-thyroid medications has not been effective, surgery may be necessary.


H.2.  In Herbal medicine perspective
1. Green tea
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major catechin in green tea, was shown to possess remarkable therapeutic potential against various types of human cancer cells in in vitro and in vivo models(43).

2. Polentilla alba
The main tasks during treatment of hyperplastic thyroid disease is to stop the growth of thyroid nodules. compensation of hypothyrosis; normalization of thyroid size. Pphytodrug of Polentilla alba could be recommended for monotherapy in combination with conservative therapy, according to the strudy by Kvacheniuk AN and Kvacheniuk EL(44). Polentilla alba in other study, also showed to reduce the volume of thyroid, normalize its function(45).

3. Shilajit (Fulvic Acid)
Shilajit is a multi-component natural occurring mineral substance used in Ayurveda and Siddha systems of medicine originated in India. According to the article of A NATURAL CURE FOR THYROID NODULES, posted in Coffey’s place, fulvic acid acts as a a chelator and detoxifier of heavy metals, chemical toxins and radiation from the body for treatment of n thyroid nodules(46).


H.3. In traditional Chinese medicine perspective
1. Ruanjian Xiaoying Decoction
Ruanjian Xiaoying Decoction (RJXYD), according to  Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, showed to shrink and soften the enlarged thyroid gland and thyroid nodules and improved the immune function of human(47).

2. According to TCM assistant
a. In case of thyroid nodules as a result of Qi and Blood Deficiency
Xiang Bei Yang Rong Tang with function to tonifiy Qi, regulates the Qi nourishes Blood and transforms Phlegm.
b. In case of thyroid nodules as a result of stagnation of Dampness, phlegm, Qi, and Blood in the area between the skin and flesh on the neck.
Hai Zao Yu Hu Tang with function to transform Phlegm, softens what is hard, reduce thyroid nodules; Eliminates thyroid nodules.
c. In case of Goiter or thyroid nodules due to a lack of iodine or Phlegm accumulation
Hai Zao Wan with function to eliminate thyroid nodules and releases the tension(48).


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References
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22571552
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8537590
(3) http://www.steadyhealth.com/articles/Hashimoto_s_Disease___Hyperthyroidism_a261.html

(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23297615
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1475583
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25286003
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23263826
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23762596
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9789594
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23720025
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23395200
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19633072
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22925390
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23641736
(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18344472
(16) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23844325
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933378/
(18) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21839358
(19) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21766278
(20) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19798886
(21) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20665743
(22) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19816814
(23) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19059128
(24) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16258502
(28) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21600982
(29) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9464451
(30) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21725973
(32) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21725973
(33) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22776298
(34) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11815400
(35) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22995901
(36) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22664335
(37) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22992568
(38) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9537635
(39) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=thyroid+nodule+watch
(40) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/245496015
(41) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21841482
(42) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25285284
(42a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25178068
(43) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21725973
(44) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23356147
(45) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23786024
(46) http://coffeysplace.blogspot.ca/2010/04/natural-cure-for-thyroid-nodules.html
(47) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16834970
(48) http://www.tcmassistant.com/symptoms/thyroid-nodule.html

Women's Health - Premenstrual syndrome(PMS): The Causes(Revised edition with references)

By Kyle J. Norton 
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

 Premenstrual syndrome is defined as faulty function of the ovaries related to the women's menstrual cycle, effected over 70% to 90% of women in the US and lesser for women in Southeast Asia because of difference in living style and social structure. The syndrome also interferes women's physical and emotional states, and daily activities as a result of hormone fluctuation and occurs one to two weeks before menstruation and then declines when the period starts.

The Causes
1. Unhealthy diet(1)
Unhealthy diet with over consumption of saturated fat, trans fat, artificial, caffeine, etc and under consumption of fiber, vital vitamins and minerals promoted over production of bad estrogen(2) and weakened liver function in carbohydrate synthesis and fat and protein metabolism(3) to cause PMS.

2. digestive disorder 
Strong digestive system is important to provide vital nutrients for our body in regulating its normal function(7). Unfortunately, it is unknown that women with PMS are found to have digestive disorder(8) before menstruation

3. Vitamins and Minerals deficiency(4)
Vitamins and minerals are important for regulating the hormone production in our body, especially for women during menstrual cycle. Deficiency of vitamins and minerals causes nervous disorder(5), liver malfunction(6) and hormone imbalance(7) resulting in PMS(7).

4. Sluggish liver
For what ever reason, women with PMS are found to have a sluggish liver(9)(10) before menstruation. Since liver is vital in regulating the levels of estrogen through production of cholesterol and fat and protein metabolism(3), sluggish liver causes nervous tension(3) and hormone imbalance(6).

5. Hormonal imbalance
Over production or under production of certain hormones before menstruation as resulting of thyroid malfunction(13), pituitary gland abnormality function(12), liver inability in metabolism(6), abnormal function of adrenal gland(11) etc. cause hormonal imbalance resulting in PMS.
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References
(1) A clinician's guide to the premenstrual syndrome. Barnhart KT1, Freeman EW, Sondheimer SJ.(PubMed)
(2) Hormone_imbalance(Wikipedia)
(3) Shifts in dietary carbohydrate-lipid exposure regulate expression of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated gene PNPLA3/adiponutrin in mouse liver and HepG2 human liver cells. Hao L1, Ito K1, Huang KH1, Sae-tan S2, Lambert JD2, Ross AC3.(PubMed)
(4) Premenstrual dysphoric disorder. A guide for the treating clinician. Elliott H.(PubMed)
(5) Nutritional therapies for mental disorders. Lakhan SE1, Vieira KF.(PubMed)
(6) Nutritional assessment in chronic liver disease(Uptodate)
(7) Premenstrual dysphoric disorder. A guide for the treating clinician. Elliott H.(PubMed)
(8) The menstrual cycle affects rectal sensitivity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome but not healthy volunteers. Houghton LA1, Lea R, Jackson N, Whorwell PJ.(PubMed)
(9) [Study on preparation method of Yueanjian for treatmen of premenstrual syndrome]. [Article in Chinese] Li X1, Gan Y, Zhang H, Qiao M, Hou Z, Guan Z, Liang M.(PubMed)
(10) [Effects of jingqianshu granule on expression of 5-HT(1A)R of PMS model rats with liver-qi stagnation]. [Article in Chinese] Su Y1, Xue L.(PubMed)
(11) Adrenal response to adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation in patients with premenstrual syndrome. Lombardi I, Luisi S, Quirici B, Monteleone P, Bernardi F, Liut M, Casarosa E, Palumbo M, Petraglia F, Genazzani AR.(PubMed)
(12) [Effects of jingqianshu granule on expression of 5-HT(1A)R of PMS model rats with liver-qi stagnation]. [Article in Chinese] Su Y1, Xue L.(PubMed)
(13) Thyroid axis function during the menstrual cycle in women with premenstrual syndrome. Girdler SS1, Pedersen CA, Light KC.(PubMed)

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