Wednesday 23 April 2014

Cervical cancer in Vitamin D Points of View

 Kyle J. Norton

According to the American Cancer Society's, in 2014, 12,360 new cases of invasive cervical cancer will be diagnosed with the death of  4,020 patients. The risk of cervical cancer is higher in Hispanic women followed by African-Americans, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and whites(a).

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble secosteroids found in small amount in few foods, including salmon, mackerel, sardines and tuna. The vitamin plays an important role in modulation of cellular proliferation, apoptosis induction, tumor growth suppression and promotion in absorption of minerals, including calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphate and zinc.

The Medical Center Bonn Friedensplatz, study showed a preferential risk factor of cancer in patient with low levels of concentration of serum vitamin D, including cervix carcinoma(1). 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), a biologically active metabolite of vitamin D, showed to regulate the growth of various cell types. The expression of VDR, 25-OHase, 1alpha-OHase, and 24-OHase in breast carcinomas (BC), ovarian cancer (OC), cervix carcinomas (CC) might have the ability to synthesize 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 within the cells. Locally in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of the tissues(2). In the study of the same, 25(OH)D3-1alpha-hydroxylase have shown to express in normal cervical tissue, in cervical cancer and in HeLa cells. This local synthesization of 1alpha, 25(OH)2D3 may be significant importance in the regulation of growth control in normal and malignant cervical tissue(3).
In human epithelioid carcinoma cells of cervix HeLa S3K, vitamins D3-induced alkaline phosphatase activity in malignant cells(4).
In a selected 405 incident cervical neoplasias (333 invasive carcinomas and 72 cervical intraepithelial neoplasias grade III (CIN3)) and 2025 age-matched non-cancer controls in Japanese women showed an inverse correction  between dietary calcium and vitamin D intake and cervical neoplasia risk(5).

Taken together, decreased serum of vitamin D might be associated to reduced risk of  cervical cancer. Receptor of vitamin D and its active metabolite of vitamin D may be used to regulation of the cervical cancer tissues. Over doses of vitamin D supplement may cause excessive calcium absorption, calcification, Urinary stones etc. please make sure to follow the guideline of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.

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References
(1) Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in German cancer patients by Reinhold U1, Schmitz B, Kurbacher C, Nagel W, Schmidt M, Malaisse WJ.(PubMed)
(2) Analysis of the vitamin D system in cervical carcinomas, breast cancer and ovarian cancer by Friedrich M1, Rafi L, Mitschele T, Tilgen W, Schmidt W, Reichrath J.(PubMed)
(3) Analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase in cervical tissue by Friedrich M1, Villena-Heinsen C, Axt-Fliedner R, Meyberg R, Tilgen W, Schmidt W, Reichrath J.(PubMed)
(4) Effect of vitamin D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 on growth of neoplastically derived cell lines and their alkaline phosphatase activity by Kholodova YuD1, Bondar OP, Melnykovych G.(PubMed)

(5) Association between dietary calcium and vitamin D intake and cervical carcinogenesis among Japanese women by Hosono S1, Matsuo K, Kajiyama H, Hirose K, Suzuki T, Kawase T, Kidokoro K, Nakanishi T, Hamajima N, Kikkawa F, Tajima K, Tanaka H.(PubMed)

Food therapy - Mushroom and Ovarian cancer

Mushroom is a standard name of white button mushroom, the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus produced above ground on soil or on its food source, It is a genus A. Muscaria and belong to the family Amanitaceae and has been cultivation in many cultures all over the world for foods and health benefits.
Nutrients 
1. Carbohydrates
2. Protein
3. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
4. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
5. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
6. Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)
7. Calcium
8. Phosphorus
9. Potassium
10. Sodium
11. Selenium
12. Iron
13. Copper
14. Zinc
15. Etc.

Chemical constituents
Astraodorol, Psilocybin, Lectin, adustin, ribonuclease, nicotine, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methylbenzoic acid, orsellinic acid, melleolide, ergosterol, genistein, daidzein, daucosterol, genistin, uracil and D-mannitol(a).


1. Button Mushroom and Ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer is defined as a condition of abnormal cells growth of ovarian cells as that have become cancerous. It is one of most common cancer in US, according to the statistics adapted from the American Cancer Society's publication, Cancer Facts & Figures 2010, an estimated 21,880 women in the United States will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer and 13,850 deaths.
button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus), in scientific literature suggests that dietary components may exert cancer preventive effects(1). According to the Curtin University and National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam, high levels of intake mushroom is associated to  reductions in cancer risk, especially in the incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer in southern Chinese women, in the study of 500 incident patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and 500 controls(2), But some researchers concerned that minerals of nutritional value are common constituents of mushrooms collected from natural habitats, the problem is however their co-occurrence with some hazardous elements including Cd, Pb, Hg, Ag, As, and radionuclides(3).



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References
(a) [Chemical constituents from fungus Armillaria mellea]. by [Article in Chinese] by Yuan XL1, Yan LH, Zhang QW, Wang ZM.(PubMed)
(1) The cancer preventive effects of edible mushrooms by Xu T1, Beelman RB, Lambert JD.(PubMed)
(2) Mushroom intake and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in southern Chinese women by Lee AH1, Pasalich M, Su D, Tang L, Tran VD, Binns CW.(PubMed)
(3) Macro and trace mineral constituents and radionuclides in mushrooms: health benefits and risks. by Falandysz J1, Borovička J.(PubMed)

Spiced chili nuts and seeds

 Recipe contributed by Fresh and Easy Meals by Better Homes and Gardens

Pick your favorite nuts and seed for this snack recipe. Orange juice concentration spiked with piquant spices gives the mixture a burst of favor.

Prep. 10 minutes
Bake 15 minutes
Oven 300 degrees F
Make 16 (1/4 cup) serving

2 tsp. frozen orange juice concentrate thawed.
2 tsp. Worcestershire sauce
1 tsp. garlic powder
1 tsp ground cumin
1 tsp chili powder
1/2 tsp. cayenne pepper
1/4 tsp salt
1/4 tsp. ground allspice
1.4 esp onion salt
2 cups unsalted peanuts, hazelnuts, and/or Brazil nuts
1 cup peacan halves
6 tsp.unsalted shelled sunflower seeds
2 tsp. sesame seeds
Non stick cooking tray

In a large bowl, combined orange juice concentrate, Worcestershire sauce, garlic powder, cumin, chili powder, cayenne pepper,salt, allspice, black pepper and onion salt. Stir in nuts and seeds; toss to coat.
Line a 15x10x1 inch baking pan with foil; slightly coat with nonstick cooking spray. Spread nuts and seed on foil. Bake in a300 degrees oven for 15 to 20 minutes or until toasted, stirring once. Cool. Store in an airtight container at room temperature for up to 1 week.

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Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months 


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Nutrition facts per serving: 186Cal, 16 g total fat(2 g sat. fat), 0mg cholesterol, 59 sodium, 7 g carbo, 3 g fiber, 6 g pro.
daily value: 2% vitamin A, 6% vitamin C, 2% calcium, 5% iron.

Tuesday 22 April 2014

Cervical cancer in Vitamin C Points of View

 Kyle J. Norton


Vitamin C, also known as L-ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin, found in fresh fruits, berries and green vegetables. It is best known for its free radical scavengers activity and regenerating oxidized vitamin E for immune support.
Epidemiological studies linking vitamin C in reduced risk of cervical cancer may be inconclusive(1)(1c)(1a)(1b), but no doubt in acceptance of improved quality of life(QoL)(2).

D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2βG), a novel stable vitamin C analog isolated from Lycium barbarum fruit induced Hela cell apoptosis through cell cycle arrest(3). A  case-control study including 239 diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and 979 hospital patients with nonneoplastic found a significant reductions in risk of approximately 40-60% observed for women in the highest vs. lowest tertiles of dietary intake, including vitanin C(4)(4a). In human cervical cancer CaCx patients of the age group of 25-65 years, oral administration of vitamin C reduced oxidative stress risk of CaCx with no side effect(5). A nutrient mixture (NM) containing lysine, proline, arginine, ascorbic acid, and green tea extract inhibited 100% of invasion of human cervical cancer cells CCL-2 and DoTc2 4510 at 500 microg/mL NM, according to the study of Matthias Rath Research Institute(6).
The study at All India Institute of Medical Sciences of the effects of vitamin C in cervical cancer patients, indicated that vitamin C downregulates the redox sensitive transcription factor AP-1 and decreases one of its transcription targets HPV E6, and stabilizes P53 through increase in Bax and decrease in Bcl-2 and telomerase activity(7). In deed, the study at Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology also found s significant low levels of of carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin C measured in the serum of patients with cancer of the uterine cervix(8).
Other researchers suggested malnutrition may  be a significant cause for the increased prevalence of cervical cancer in women with evidences of low levels of GSH, GPx, GST, SOD, vitamin E and vitamin C in the circulation of cervical cancer patient(9).

Taken altogether, oral administration of vitamin C  may be associated to reduced risk and treatment of cervical cancer and precancer but malnutrition and nutrients deficiency may play an important role in enhancing the start of the cancer itself. Daily ingestion of high-dose vitamin C may be considered safe, but in rare incidence, overdoses in a prolonged period of time, may cause intra-renal oxalate crystal deposition, a fatal nephrotoxicity(10)(11).



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References
(1) Dietary factors and in situ and invasive cervical cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition study by González CA1, Travier N, Luján-Barroso L, Castellsagué X, Bosch FX, Roura E, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Palli D, Boeing H, Pala V, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Panico S, Manjer J, Dillner J, Hallmans G, Kjellberg L, Sanchez MJ, Altzibar JM, Barricarte A, Navarro C, Rodriguez L, Allen N, Key TJ, Kaaks R, Rohrmann S, Overvad K, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Munk C, Kjaer SK, Peeters PH, van Duijnhoven FJ, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Trichopoulou A, Benetou V, Naska A, Lund E, Engeset D, Skeie G, Franceschi S, Slimani N, Rinaldi S, Riboli E.(PubMed)
(1a) Vitamin or antioxidant intake (or serum level) and risk of cervical neoplasm: a meta-analysis by Myung SK1, Ju W, Kim SC, Kim H; Korean Meta-analysis (KORMA) Study Group.(PubMed)
(1b) Intakes of vitamin A, C, and E, and beta-carotene are associated with risk of cervical cancer: a case-control study in Korea by Kim J1, Kim MK, Lee JK, Kim JH, Son SK, Song ES, Lee KB, Lee JP, Lee JM, Yun YM.(PubMed)
(1c) Vitamins C and E and beta carotene supplementation and cancer risk: a randomized controlled trial by Lin J1, Cook NR, Albert C, Zaharris E, Gaziano JM, Van Denburgh M, Buring JE, Manson JE.(PubMed)
(2) [Effect of antioxidant supplementation over oxidative stress and quality of life in cervical cancer].

[Article in Spanish] by Fuchs-Tarlovsky V1, Bejarano-Rosales M, Gutiérrez-Salmeán G, Casillas MA, López-Alvarenga JC, Ceballos-Reyes GM.(PubMed)
(3) Selective suppression of cervical cancer Hela cells by 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L by Zhang Z1, Liu X, Wu T, Liu J, Zhang X, Yang X, Goodheart MJ, Engelhardt JF, Wang Y.(PubMed
(4) Dietary intakes of selected nutrients and food groups and risk of cervical cancer by Ghosh C1, Baker JA, Moysich KB, Rivera R, Brasure JR, McCann SE.(PubMed
(4a) Involvement of oxidative stress in the pre-malignant and malignant states of cervical cancer in women by Gonçalves TL1, Erthal F, Corte CL, Müller LG, Piovezan CM, Nogueira CW, Rocha JB.(PubMed)
(5) Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in cervical cancer patients by Naidu MS1, Suryakar AN, Swami SC, Katkam RV, Kumbar KM.(PubMed
(6) Suppression of human cervical cancer cell lines Hela and DoTc2 4510 by a mixture of lysine, proline, ascorbic acid, and green tea extract by Roomi MW1, Ivanov V, Kalinovsky T, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M.(PubMed
(7) Vitamin C augments chemotherapeutic response of cervical carcinoma HeLa cells by stabilizing P53 by Reddy VG1, Khanna N, Singh N.(PubMed
(8) Serum carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin C levels in breast cancer and cancer of the uterine cervix by Ramaswamy G1, Krishnamoorthy L.(PubMed)
(9) Circulating lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in cervical cancer patients: a case-control study by Manju V1, Kalaivani Sailaja J, Nalini N.(PubMed
(10) Fatal vitamin C-associated acute renal failure by McHugh GJ, Graber ML, Freebairn RC.(PubMed)
(11) Ascorbic acid overdosing: a risk factor for calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis by Urivetzky M, Kessaris D, Smith AD.(PubMed)

Macadamia Nut Dip

(Contributed by Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn)
Prepare horseradish lend a pungent bite to this otherwise mild and creamy appetizer

8-oz. pkg. cream cheese, softened
1/2 cup of sour cream
1 c. macadamia nuts, chopped
2 T. prepared horseradish
2 green inion, minced
1/8 t. garlic salt
assorted crackers
Mix together all ingredients except crackers; chill. Serve with crackers. Make 6 to 10 servings.

Judy Borecky
Escondido, CA


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Food Therapy - Apricot and Colon cancer

The apricot tree is about 8–12 m tall and a trunk up to 40 cm diameter belongs to the family Rosaceae. Apricot is classified with the family of the plum and has yellow to orange, often tinged red on the side which is exposed to the sun.

Nutrients

1. Energy
2. Carbohydrates
3. Dietary fiber
4. Fat
5. Protein
6. Vitamin A
7. Beta-carotene
8. Vitamin C
9. Iron
10. Potassium
11. Tryptophan
12. Carotenoids
13. Etc.

Chemical constituents
Oleic acid, linoleic acid,  palmitic.acid, glycolipids, phospholipids, benzoic acid (I), isorhamnetin (II), quercetin (III), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (IV), isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (V), isoquercitrin (VI), hypericin (VII) and rutin (VIII)(a) and flavonoid glycosides,  (b),
Apricot and Colon cancer
Bowel cancer also known as colorectal cancer, is defined as a condition of the abnormal proliferation of cells in the colon, rectum, or vermiform appendix. Bowl is divided in 2 parts, the first part of the bowel, the small bowl, is involved with the digestion and absorption of food. The 2nd part, the large bowel which consist the the colon and rectum, is involved in absorption of water from the small bowel contents and broken down of certain materials in the feces into substances of which some of them to be re absorbed and reused by the body. Bowel cancer is relatively very common and slowly growing and progress cancer and in predictable way.
Bowel cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in developed countries, including U>S and Canada.

The study of anti-neoplastic effects of MK615, conducted by Dokkyo University School of Medicine, indicated a sginificant inbibited 3 colon cancer cell lines, SW480, COLO, and WiDr through its exertion of  induction of apoptosis and autophagy(1).


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References
(a) [Studies on the chemical constituents of flowers of Prunus mume].[Article in Chinese] by Zhang QH1, Zhang L, Shang LX, Shao CL, Wu YX.(PubMed)
(b) Flavonoid glycosides from Prunus armeniaca and the antibacterial activity of a crude extract.Rashid F1, Ahmed R, Mahmood A, Ahmad Z, Bibi N, Kazmi SU.(PubMed)


(1) New anti-proliferative agent, MK615, from Japanese apricot "Prunus mume" induces striking autophagy in colon cancer cells in vitro by Mori S1, Sawada T, Okada T, Ohsawa T, Adachi M, Keiichi K.(PubMed)

Monday 21 April 2014

Cervical cancer in Vitamin A Points of View

 Kyle J. Norton

Vitamins form an important part in human diet. Epidemiological studies, linking vitamin A in reduced risk of cervical cancer have produced uncleared result(1)(5)(8)(9). But in certain studies, vitamin A in form of retinoids and carotenoids is effective in inhibition of cervical  cancer cell lines through many anti proliferative and apoptotic pathways.

Vitamin A is a general term of Vitamin A Retinol, retinal, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, gamma-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin best known for its functions for vision health and antioxidant scavenger and essential for growth and differentiation of a number of cells and tissues.


1. The serum of vitamin A
In a total of 144 cervical cancer cases and 288 age-matched, hospital-based controls using unconditional logistic regression models showed a statistically lower mean dietary intakes of vitamin A compared to control(2). Other study found that serum and urine collected  are lower from12 women diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(3)(4)(4a). But the study of Nizam Institute of Medical Sciences, showed no correction of levels of vitamin A intake between cervical cancer patients and normal controls, in a total of total of 60 consecutive patients and 60 controls were enrolled from a referral hospital during the year 2004(6)(7).

2. Retinols
A combination of retinoids with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors effectively inhibited the growth of cervical cancer cells  due to the restore RARβ2 expression, associated with a significant upregulation of p21(CIP1) and p53 as well as a pronounced decrease in p-Stat3(10). In cervical cancer cells line HeLa and CaSki, All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) derived from retinols, inhibited the proliferation of cervical cancer cells line HeLa but showed no effect on proliferation CaSki cells(11).
Other derivatives of retinols, all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid induced profilerative activity of CaSki cells through cell cycle arrest via exhibited the increase in the level of immunophenotypic expression of wild type p53 and inhibited E6/E7 transcription(12). The study of composition of tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and retinoic acid (RA), showed to prevent cervical adenocarcinoma, though induced apoptosis and inhibited telomerase activity(13).

3. Carotenoids
According to the University of Arizona, in the analysis of cervical tissue (cancerous, precancerous, and noncancerous) samples obtained from 87 patients (age, 21-86 years), showed that maintaining an adequate serum concentration of beta-carotene may be necessary for the prevention of cervical cancer and precancer(14). Crocetin is a natural carotenoid dicarboxylic acid, inhibited the cell proliferation of Hela cells through cell cycle arrest via p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms(15). The Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center study, showed a lower correction of mean plasma levels of carotenoids (beta-carotene, lycopene, and canthaxanthin), as well as alpha-tocopherol, in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)and cervical cancer and suggested that antioxidant deficiency may be associated to the pathogenesis of CIN and carcinoma of the cervix(16). Dr. Harris RW, and the researcher team in the study of Cancer of the cervix uteri and vitamin A indicated that the strong correction of significantly reduced serum beta carotene concentrations in women with pre-invasive disease compared to the controls(17).

Taking altogether, Vitamin A may be associated to reduced risk and treatment of cervical cancer, but further studies are necessary to validate its effectiveness. maintaining the adequate levels of vitamin A may be a choice to prevent the onset of the disease. Recommended intakes of vitamin A, according to  the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (formerly National Academy of Sciences) is 600 µg daily as extremely high doses (>9000 mg) can be toxicity as causes of dry, scaly skin, fatigue, nausea,

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

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References
(1) Dietary factors and in situ and invasive cervical cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition study by González CA1, Travier N, Luján-Barroso L, Castellsagué X, Bosch FX, Roura E, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Palli D, Boeing H, Pala V, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Panico S, Manjer J, Dillner J, Hallmans G, Kjellberg L, Sanchez MJ, Altzibar JM, Barricarte A, Navarro C, Rodriguez L, Allen N, Key TJ, Kaaks R, Rohrmann S, Overvad K, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Munk C, Kjaer SK, Peeters PH, van Duijnhoven FJ, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Trichopoulou A, Benetou V, Naska A, Lund E, Engeset D, Skeie G, Franceschi S, Slimani N, Rinaldi S, Riboli E.(PubMed)
(2) Intakes of vitamin A, C, and E, and beta-carotene are associated with risk of cervical cancer: a case-control study in Korea by Kim J1, Kim MK, Lee JK, Kim JH, Son SK, Song ES, Lee KB, Lee JP, Lee JM, Yun YM.(PubMed)
(3) Rapid HPLC method for the determination of vitamin A and E and cotinine concentration in human serum in women with CIN and cervical cancer by Bystrowska B1, Gomółka E, Szczudrawa A, Brandys J, Pawlik M, Milewicz T, Dulińska-Litewka J, Jach R.(PubMed)
(4) A case-control study of nutrient status and invasive cervical cancer. I. Dietary indicators.

Herrero R1, Potischman N, Brinton LA, Reeves WC, Brenes MM, Tenorio F, de Britton RC, Gaitan E.(PubMed)
(4a) Dietary risk factors for invasive and in-situ cervical carcinomas in Bangkok, Thailand by Shannon J1, Thomas DB, Ray RM, Kestin M, Koetsawang A, Koetsawang S, Chitnarong K, Kiviat N, Kuypers J.(PubMed)
(5) Intakes of vitamin A, C, and E, and beta-carotene are associated with risk of cervical cancer: a case-control study in Korea(5)Kim J1, Kim MK, Lee JK, Kim JH, Son SK, Song ES, Lee KB, Lee JP, Lee JM, Yun YM.(PubMed)
(6) Food consumption pattern in cervical carcinoma patients and controls by Labani L1, Andallu B, Meera M, Asthana S, Satyanarayana L.(PubMed)
(7) Dietary micronutrients and cervical dysplasia in southwestern American Indian women by Buckley DI1, McPherson RS, North CQ, Becker TM.(PubMed)
(8) Antioxidant vitamins and mineral supplementation, life span expansion and cancer incidence: a critical commentary by Dolara P1, Bigagli E, Collins A.(PubMed)
(9) Vitamin A and risk of cervical cancer: a meta-analysis by Zhang X1, Dai B, Zhang B, Wang Z.(PubMed)
(10) Combination of valproic acid and ATRA restores RARβ2 expression and induces differentiation in cervical cancer through the PI3K/Akt pathway by Feng D1, Cao Z, Li C, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Ma J, Liu R, Zhou H, Zhao W, Wei H, Ling B.(PubMed)
(11) Proliferation of cells and expression of RARs, RXRs and HPV viral E6 and E7 proteins in cervical cancer cell lines after treatment with ATRA by Myga-Nowak M1, Pacholska-Bogalska J, Kwaśniewski W, Kwaśniewska A, Goździcka-Józefiak A.(PubMed)
(12) The effect of all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid on the steady state level of HPV16 E6/E7 mRNA and cell cycle in cervical carcinoma cells by Narayanan BA1, Holladay EB, Nixon DW, Mauro CT.(PubMed)
(13) Antiproliferative effects of the major tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and retinoic acid in cervical adenocarcinoma by Yokoyama M1, Noguchi M, Nakao Y, Ysunaga M, Yamasaki F, Iwasaka T.(PubMed)
(14) Concentrations of carotenoids, tocopherols, and retinol in paired plasma and cervical tissue of patients with cervical cancer, precancer, and noncancerous diseases by Peng YM1, Peng YS, Childers JM, Hatch KD, Roe DJ, Lin Y, Lin P.(PubMed)
(15) Crocetin induces cytotoxicity and enhances vincristine-induced cancer cell death via p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms by Zhong YJ1, Shi F, Zheng XL, Wang Q, Yang L, Sun H, He F, Zhang L, Lin Y, Qin Y, Liao LC, Wang X.(PubMed)
(16) Plasma levels of beta-carotene, lycopene, canthaxanthin, retinol, and alpha- and tau-tocopherol in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer by Palan PR1, Mikhail MS, Goldberg GL, Basu J, Runowicz CD, Romney SL.(PubMed)
(17) Cancer of the cervix uteri and vitamin A byb Harris RW, Forman D, Doll R, Vessey MP, Wald NJ.(PubMed)