Thursday 1 May 2014

Button Mushroom's Immunological effects

Mushroom is a standard name of white button mushroom, the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus produced above ground on soil or on its food source, It is a genus A. Muscaria and belong to the family Amanitaceae and has been cultivation in many cultures all over the world for foods and health benefits.
Nutrients 
1. Carbohydrates
2. Protein
3. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
4. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
5. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
6. Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)
7. Calcium
8. Phosphorus
9. Potassium
10. Sodium
11. Selenium
12. Iron
13. Copper
14. Zinc
15. Etc.

Chemical constituents
Astraodorol, Psilocybin, Lectin, adustin, ribonuclease, nicotine, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methylbenzoic acid, orsellinic acid, melleolide, ergosterol, genistein, daidzein, daucosterol, genistin, uracil and D-mannitol(a).

Button Mushroom and Immunologic effects
The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases. The immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play a important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and bacteria attacks.
In number of studies, Mushrooms have been shown to enhance immune response. according to Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, white button mushroom showed to enhance both innate and T cell-mediated immunity leading to a more efficient surveillance and defense mechanism against microbial invasion and tumor development, through promotion of DC maturation and enhance their antigen-presenting function.(1). A. bisporus polysaccharides isolated from white button mushrooms, exhibited macrophage immunomodulating and antitumor activities, through stimulation the production of nitric oxide, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α via activation of nuclear factor-κB with the production p50/105 heterodimers(2).
 
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References
(a) [Chemical constituents from fungus Armillaria mellea]. by [Article in Chinese] by Yuan XL1, Yan LH, Zhang QW, Wang ZM.(PubMed)
(1) White button mushroom enhances maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and their antigen presenting function in mice by Ren Z1, Guo Z, Meydani SN, Wu D.(PubMed)
(2) Macrophage immunomodulating and antitumor activities of polysaccharides isolated from Agaricus bisporus white button mushrooms by Jeong SC1, Koyyalamudi SR, Jeong YT, Song CH, Pang G(PubMed)

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