Thursday 17 April 2014

Food Therapy - Celery and anti Inflammatory effects

Celery is a species of Apium graveolens, belong to the family Apiaceae. It is cultivated all around the globe as a vegetable. Celery can grow to 1/2 m tall with stalks (leaf on the top) arranging in a conical shape joined at a common base.
Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Sugars
3. Fiber
4. Fat
5. Protein
6. Water
7. Vitamin A
8. Vitamin B1
9. Vitamin B2
10. Vitamin B6
11. Vitamin C
12. Vitamin K
13. Folate
14. Calcium
15. Manganese
16. Magnesium
17. Phosphorus
18. Potassium
19. Iron
20. Sodium
21. Etc.
Phytochemicals
1. 3-n-butyl-phthalide
2. Acetylenics,
3. Coumarins 
4. Phenolic acids
5. Limonene, coumarin,
6. Phthalides
7. Apigenin
and falcariondiol (1), (9Z) 1,9-heptadecadiene-4,6-diyne-3,8,11-triol (2), oplopandiol (3), bergapten (4), 5,8-dimethoxy psoralen (5), isofraxidin (6), eugenic acid (7), trans-ferulic acid (8), trans-cinnamic acid (9), p-hydroxyphenylethanol ferulate (10), caffeoylquinic acid (11), 5-p-trans-coumaroylquinic acid (12), sedanolide (13), lunularin (14), lunularic acid (15), 2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenol)-propane-1,3-diol (16), D-allitol (17), beta-sitosterol (18), benzolic acid (19), succinic acid (20), according to Shenyang Pharmaceutical University(a).
Celery and anti inflammatory activities
Flavone aglycones and others rich in flavone glycosides found Celery extract, according to the study by the The Ohio State University, Columbus, modulated inflammation by reducing TNF-α and NF-κB(b). The  extract of the seed from celery (Apium graviolens) (CSE), in mice study, found to found to possess anti-inflammatory activity, gastro-protective activity, and anti-Helicobacter pylori activity(c). Apiin, a major chemical constituents found in celery, showed to exert its anti-inflammatory activity in-vivo, probably through reduction of iNOS enzyme expression(d), the extracts from extracts from Indian celery seed  also exhibited anti inflammatory against osteoarthritis caused by microcrystalline hydroxyapatite (BCP) and pseudo-gout(e)
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References
(a) [Chemical constituents of fresh celery].[Article in Chinese] by Zhou K1, Wu B, Zhuang Y, Ding L, Liu Z, Qiu F(PubMed)(b) Effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide on vascular dementia and angiogenesis by Zhang L1, Lü L, Chan WM, Huang Y, Wai MS, Yew DT.(PubMed)

(b) Flavone deglycosylation increases their anti-inflammatory activity and absorption by Hostetler G1, Riedl K, Cardenas H, Diosa-Toro M, Arango D, Schwartz S, Doseff AI.(PubMed)
(c) A toxicological investigation of a celery seed extract having anti-inflammatory activity by Powanda MC1, Rainsford KD.(PubMed)
(d) An extract of Apium graveolens var. dulce leaves: structure of the major constituent, apiin, and its anti-inflammatory properties by Mencherini T1, Cau A, Bianco G, Della Loggia R, Aquino RP, Autore G.(PubMed).
(e) Combination anti-inflammatory therapy: synergism in rats of NSAIDs/corticosteroids with some herbal/animal products by Whitehouse MW1, Butters DE.(PubMed)

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