Thursday 13 February 2014

Breast cancer in Vitamin B6's Points of view

 By Kyle J. Norton

Epidemiological studies focusing vitamin B6 in reduced risk of breast cancer have produced conflict results. But the widespread of breast cancer has caused many concerns in the world leaders and scientific community. Every year, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during life time of a women is 1/8.
Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine, is a water soluble vitamin found abundantly in green peas, yams, broccoli, asparagus and turnip greens,Peanuts, sunflower seeds, cashews and hazelnuts, meat, fish etc., with functions of amino acid, carbohydrate  metabolism, brain health, and liver detoxification, etc.

In postmenopausal women, vitamin B6(Serum pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP, active form of vitamin B6) levels) might be inversely associated with breast cancer risk(1)(1a). But in a case-control study in Brazilian women, MTHFR polymorphisms and dietary intake of  vitamin B6 had no overall association with breast cancer risk(2). Study of the Chinese women, genetic mutation of MTHFR and vitamin B 6 were associated with risk of breast cancer(3). Dietary intake of one-carbon nutrients, particularly folate, vitamin B(2) (riboflavin), vitamin B(6) , vitamin B(12) , and choline also linked to the risk of cancers of the colon and breast in both human and animal studies and maternal intake of these nutrients during gestation may also have an impact on the risk of cancer in offspring later in life(3a). In Japanese women study, neither dietary intake of folate, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, or vitamin B12 nor polymorphisms of MTHFR or MTR genes were significantly associated with breast cancer risk(4). In  estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) breast cancers, dietary vitamin B6 intakes were inversely associated with breast cancer risk, regardless to ER and/or PR status(5). In postmenopausal breast cancer study, women with highest quartile range of plasma PLP concentrations are associated to 30% reduced risk of invasive breast cancer compared with the women in the lowest PLP quartile(6)(7)(8). In rodent models, high dose of B(6) also suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells through induction of IGFBP-3 by PN then by a p53-specific inhibitor(8)

Taking all together, The effective of vitamin B6, in reduced risk of breast cancer is deemed controversial. But no doubt, certain vitamins and minerals deficiencies may play a critic role in the influence of development of breast cancer. Over doses may induced the symptoms of difficulty coordinating movement, numbness, sensory changes, etc., please make sure you follow the guideline of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.



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References
(1) Dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, genetic polymorphism of related enzymes, and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in Brazilian women by Ma E, Iwasaki M, Junko I, Hamada GS, Nishimoto IN, Carvalho SM, Motola J Jr, Laginha FM, Tsugane S.(PubMed)
(1a) Dietary folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine intake and the risk of breast cancer by oestrogen and progesterone receptor status by Zhang CX, Ho SC, Chen YM, Lin FY, Fu JH, Cheng SZ.(PubMed)
(2) Association of dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6 and B12 and MTHFR genotype with breast cancer risk by Liu Y, Zhou LS, Xu XM, Deng LQ, Xiao QK.(PubMed)
(3) Dietary intake of folate, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, genetic polymorphism of related enzymes, and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in Japan by Ma E, Iwasaki M, Kobayashi M, Kasuga Y, Yokoyama S, Onuma H, Nishimura H, Kusama R, Tsugane S.(PubMed)
(3a) Maternal one-carbon nutrient intake and cancer risk in offspring by Ciappio ED, Mason JB, Crott JW.(PubMed)
(4) Dietary folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine intake and the risk of breast cancer by oestrogen and progesterone receptor status by Zhang CX, Ho SC, Chen YM, Lin FY, Fu JH, Cheng SZ(PubMed)
(5) Prediagnostic plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (vitamin b6) levels and invasive breast carcinoma risk: the multiethnic cohort by Lurie G, Wilkens LR, Shvetsov YB, Ollberding NJ, Franke AA, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN, Goodman MT.(PubMed)
(6) Plasma folate, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and risk of breast cancer in women by Lin J, Lee IM, Cook NR, Selhub J, Manson JE, Buring JE, Zhang SM(PubMed)
(7) Association of vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine with risk of breast cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis by Wu W, Kang S, Zhang D.(PubMed)
(8) High dose of pyridoxine induces IGFBP-3 mRNA expression in MCF-7 cells and its induction is inhibited by the p53-specific inhibitor pifithrin-α by Nakari M, Kanouchi H, Oka T.(PubMed)

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