Osteoarthritis
I. Osteoarthritis (OA), a form of arthritis, is defined as a condition of
as a result of aging causes of wear and tear on a joint, affecting over 25 million people in the United States in alone.
II. Symptoms
Symptoms of osteoarthritis is aching pain, stiffness, or difficulty
moving the joint may develop in one or more joints. The pain usually
gets worse in change of weather at night and in the advanced of the
diseases the pain can occur even at rest.
1. Pain in joints of the hand
Most commonly affected joints of the hand in osteoarthritis include the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb (CMC 1) and the distal (DIP) and proximal (PIP) interphalangeal joints.
Ageing, female gender, genotype, heavy work causing pressure on the
hands, and injuries predispose to osteoarthritis in the hand. The pain
is likely to be due to secondary synovitis caused by molecules released
from the joint cartilage(3).
2. Knee and Hip
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and hip is among the most frequent and
debilitating arthritic conditionsosteoarthritis. Key features of the
pathological joint changes in OA include: cartilage destruction by
pro-inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases and
prostaglandins, which promote a catabolic environment; subchondral bone
remodelling and resorption; hypertrophic differentiation of
chondrocytes; neovascularisation of synovial tissue; and focal
calcification of joint cartilage(4).
3. Spine
Vertebral deformity, in particular wedging, of the thoracic spine is not
exclusively characteristic for osteoporosis and that certain vertebral
deformities develop by mechanisms other than fracture. Osteoporotic
fracture of the thoracic spine is characterized by an exaggerated
reduction of the midheight to posterior height in addition to reduction
of the anterior to posterior height. Osteoarthritis affecting the low
back can lead to chronic low back pain (lumbago) and degenerative disc
disease (spondylosis).
Other researchers indicated that Postmenopausal women with lumbar spine disc degeneration
are characterized by increased CII degradation. The contribution of
lumbar spine disc space narrowing (DSN) to type II collagen (CII)
degradation was similar to, and independent of, the contribution of
radiologic knee OA or clinical hand OA. Lumbar spine disc degeneration
in elderly patients should be assessed when analyzing levels of
C-terminal crosslinking telopeptide of CII (CTX-II) in studies of knee,
hip, and hand OA(5).
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References
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7864688
(2) http://health.yahoo.net/channel/musculoskeletal-disorders.html
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22448556
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22471357
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15476251
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