Lower respiratory tract infection
The lower respiratory tract infection are the infection consisting of
the trachea (wind pipe), bronchial tubes, the bronchioles, and the
lungs, including the bronchitis and pneumonia. According to The World
Health Report 2004 – Changing History(1), in 2002 lower respiratory
track infection were still the leading cause of deaths among all
infectious diseases, and accounted for 3.9 million deaths worldwide and
6.9% of all deaths that year.
Bronchitis is defined as a condition of an inflammation of the
mucous membranes of the bronchi, the larger and medium-sized airways
that carry airflow from the trachea into the lung parenchyma(7). Most
cases of Bronchitis are as a result of recurrent injure to the airways
caused by inhaled irritants and cigarette smoking(6).
F. Treatments
F.3. In traditional Chinese medicine perspective
Chronic bronchitis is chronic non-specific inflammation of bronchial
mucosa and its surrounding tissues due to infected or non-infected
factors. Except other reasons causing chronic cough, it can be diagnosed
from cough and expectoration for 3 months with a history over 2 years.
It can be classified as”cough”, “dyspnea” and “asthma” in TCM(59).
Application of herbal medicine to acupoints is to regulate the
meridians, yin-yang, and qi and blood for preventing and treating
diseases through the pharmacological action of herbal medicines and with
their stimulation to the acupoints, including the treatment of
hypertension, asthma, chronic bronchitis and allergic rhinitis(60).
1. Jiawei yupingfeng powder
In the study to explore the effect of Jiawei Yupingfeng Powder (JYP) on
T-lymphocyte subsets in patients with senile chronic bronchitis in acute
onset stage (SCB-AOS), found that Increase of CD3, CD4 and CD4/CD8 (P
< 0.05) and decrease of CD8 (P < 0.01) were significantly shown in
the treated group after treatment, but no change in the control group.
Besides, comparison of the total effective rate in the two groups also
showed significant difference (P < 0.05)(61).
2. Kesuning granule
In the study to prove the effect of Kesuning Granule (KSNG) in treating
chronic bronchitis in exacerbation (Phlegm-Heat syndrome) and
objectively evaluate its safety with a double-blinded, double-dummy and
randomized controlled method adopted to observe 120 patients, who were
divided into the treated group (n = 60, treated with KSNG 8 g, three
times a day) and the control group (n = 60, treated with Jinbei
Tankeqing Granule (JBTKQ) 7 g, three times a day). The therapeutic
course for both groups was 6 days found that in the treated group, the
markedly effective rate was 58.33% and effective rate was 93.33%, while
in the control group, they were 51.67% and 91.67% respectively, no
significant difference was found between the two groups(62).
3. Jinshui liujun decoction
In the study to assess the effect of Jinshui Liujun decoction (JSL) in
treating chronic bronchitis. found that JSL was proved to be efficacious
in improving immune function of the body and pulmonary ventilatory
function (P < 0.01). JSL could not only increase the secretion of
rats’ trachea mucosa and dilute sputum, but also increase the motion
speed of the pigeons’ trachea cilia, thus facilitate the removal of
sputum. Compared with the normal saline control group, both animal
experiments displayed significant statistical difference (P < 0.01),
but without significant difference when compared the JSL group with the
positive drug Juhong Tanke Ye control group(63).
4. Yu ping feng powder
In the study to observe the influence of modified Yu Ping Feng San
(MYPFS) on bacterial adhesion of tracheal mucosa, four experiments of
bacterial adhesion in pneumatic tract were conducted, in which mice of
chronic bronchitis model (CBM) induced by SO2 stimulation and another
health control group breathed in aerosol contained Pseudomonas
aeruginosa under the same condition, found that theories of traditional
Chinese medicine in “strengthening body resistance to eliminate the
pathogenic factor”, so that they provided experimental evidence for TCM
tonics to prevent and treat infection of respiratory tract(64).
5. Etc.
Sources
(1) http://www.who.int/whr/2004/en/
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC130746/
(7) http://www.lung.org/lung-disease/bronchitis-chronic/understanding-chronic-bronchitis.html
(61) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15015439
(62) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12572381
(63) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9863106
(64) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1301851
About Kyle J. Norton
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author name and all the links intact.
"Let Take Care Your Health, Your Health Will Take Care You" Kyle J.
Norton
I have been studying natural remedies for disease prevention for over 20
years and working as a financial consultant since 1990. Master degree
in Mathematics, teaching and tutoring math at colleges and universities
before joining insurance industries. Part time Health, Insurance and
Entertainment Article Writer.
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