Infertility is defined as inability of a couple to conceive after 12
months of unprotected sexual intercourse or can not carry the pregnancy
to full term. It effects over 5 millions couple alone in the U. S. and
many times more in the world, because of unawareness of treatments, only
10% seeks help from professional specialist. In fact, More than 40% of
infertility of a couple is caused by male inability to fertilize.
Diagnosis is a analytics approach, after initial consultation and
medical history and personal information have been taken from a patient
or couple. The main objective conventional diagnosis is to find the
causes of infertility, but unfortunately, it has less than 1% successful
rate. We will try to give you the definitions of type of diagnosis in
alphabet order.
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Before
reading the definition of types of diagnosis, you may want to know
briefly what important information will be record on your personal file
I. General medical history
1. Any miscarriage, previous pregnancies and abortion.
2. Any ectopic pregnancy
3. Any previous surgery
4. Have you now on HRT.
5. Use of conceptive method, type of use
6. Any reproductive chronic pain including STD. urinary tract infection ad chronic diseases.
7. Medication you are taking now
8. Any medication of your mother during pregnancy to rule out infertility caused by birth defect
9. Your lifestyle.
II. Physical Exam
1. Male exam
a) Testicle related including injure, childhood testicle illness and abnormal in birth
b) Age of puberty
c) Number of previous sexual partners
d) Question related to ejaculation and impotence
e) Do you have child with other women
f) Have you ever contacted and treated with sexual transmitted diseases
g) Hot bath and sunnas
h) Smoking and drugs abuse
i) Expose to radiation
j) workplace hazard
k) Medication may influence your sexual organs.
l) Other general exam depending to your specialist (herbalist or others)
2. Female exam
a) reproductive organs infection
b) Any previous reproductive organ surgery
c) Pelvic exam
d) Question related to genetic defect.
e) vagina exam
f) Uterus and cervix
g) Fallopian tube
h) Ovaries
i) Bladder
k) Rectum
l) Other general exam depending to your specialist (herbalist or others)
III. Diagnosis or test From Conventional Perspective from letter A to Z
A. For Male patient
1. Acrosome reaction test
After
the sample is taken your fertility specialist exam the acrosome
reaction of your sperms to see how your sperm penetrate the female egg,
how the enzymes (acrosome then acrosin released from the sperm head ) in
sperm work through tough coating of the eggs and fgertilized it. The
purpose of this test is to diagnosis the sperm acrosome then acrosin to
see hoe these enzyme help to break tough surface of the egg. If not it
may be the cause of infertility and specific treatment is required. It
happens only 5% of infertility male population.
2. Antisperm antibody
An
antisperm antibody test as defined as a test to look for abnormal
function of immune system antibodies that fight against a male's
sperm in blood, vaginal fluids, or semen. With a substance added to the
sample sperm, the test will tell whether the sperm is affected by
proteins of the immune system or not.
3. Biochemical analysis
The study of the chemical substances and vital processes occurring in male testicle such as the concentration of white blood cells, the level of fructose in the semen, and the volume, pH, and liquefaction time of the ejaculate.
4. Computer-Assist semen analysis
The
sample of sperm is scanned in to the computer pre store program to show
how the sperm quality, quantity, shape and movement. Since any small
change of the computer may produce a significant change in sperm
calculation, therefore any abnormal sperm count should be confirmed by
manual count.
5. Hemizona assay
Hemizona assay is the analysis
to compare sample sperm of the male to the sperm of the fertiliized
male by splitting the marure and normal egg into 2 half. 1/2 is tested
by sample sperm and the other half is tested by fertilitized male sperm.
6. Hormone evaluation
Hormonal
evaluation is a study to measure the levels of certain hormones
produced by your body such as levels of FSH and testosterone which are
inlvoved directly in sperm production. The test will only be used is the
semen of sperm anaalusis come back with low density of sperm or your
specialist suspects that hormone imbalance is the cause of infertility.
7. Human zona pellucida binding test
The testes help to exam how the sperm bind to outer layer of the egg. including hemizona assay.
8. Hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST)
hypoosmotic
swelling test (HOST) is the test used to identify sperm membrane for
structure integrity by examining how the sperm tails react to special
sugar and salt. Only healthy sperm can react in that circumstance.
9. Pene trak
Pene trak is the test for 90 minutes to check the movement of sperm through a normal and friendly mucus in the test tube.
10. Peroxidase staining
It is a test to check for infection by differentiating white blood cell from the immature sperm.
11.Post-coital/cervical mucus test
It
is a test to see how friendly the mucus of the cervix toward the sperm
invasion during ovulation. The result can be determined after
a) Male partner sperm with female partner cervical mucus
b) Male partner sperm with healthy mucus
c) Known healthy sperm with female partner mucus
d) Known healthy sperm with known healthy muscle
12. Sperm penetration assay (hamster test)
Sperm
penetration test only is needed if the normal semen test can not
determine the sperm penetration ability then hamster eggs with the
ouster membrane has been stripped off are used in place of female eggs
because of it's structural similarity to human eggs. After the sperm
and hamster eggs have incubated for three hours, the eggs are checked
for sperm penetration. Any percentage over 10 % is considered normal and
potential for fertilization. Since is uses eggs than human being, good
sperm penetration rate in hamster test does not guarantee 100% of
positive result in human.
13.Sperm-Ubiquitin tag immunoassay (SUTI)
Sperm-Ubiquitin
tag immunoassay ignores other sperm attributes and focusing solely on
sperm's ubiquitin because ubiquitin is considered as a universal marker
of any sperm abnormalities including sperm damage and sperm defective,
thereby reducing some unecessary treatments.
14. Semen analysis
A
semen analysis is usually the first test for all infertility male ,
it helps to measure the amount of semen a man produces and
determines the quantity and quality of sperm such as size, shape.
movement and PH level in the sample.
a) Normal form sperm
Ovary head, single tail with intact midsection and an uncoiled.
b) Abnormal heads
Head of sperm if too big or too small and other than ovary head.
c) Abnormal tails
Coil, broken, bent tail and other than single tail.
d) Immature gen cells
Since
white blood cells and white gen cells have a very similar apprance and
structure, it is up to the specialist to make sure that the present is
immature gen cells and not white blood cells.
e) Vital staining
It is the analysis to see the percentage of dead sperm compare to lice one.
f) Urinalysis
It is to make sure the infertility is not caused by retrograde rejaculation and the urinary tract is not infected.
15. Scrotal sonography
Scotal
sonography is used to evaluate the testicle disorder and surrouding
organs including prostate gland, epididymis, an absent or undescended
testicle and any testicle abnormality.
16.Testicle biopsy
A
small is taken and tested for the ability of sperm producing cell to
produce normal cells. This test is necessary if the infertility male is
found to have no sperm in semen, normal sex levels of hormone and
abnormal sperm with unknown cause. The risk of the test may cause
testicle damage.
17. Vasography
Vasography is a Radiographic
study of the vas deferens. It helps to determine if the vas deferens is
blocked or not and the reason of such blockage. In this study, if there
is large amount of sperm containing fluid presented when the vas
deferens is open, it indicate there is a block appeared in the vesicle
end of the vas deferens. If there is no fluid presented, the procedure
continue until the cause of blockage is found, if there is one.
B. For Female patient
1. Antisperm antibody test
The
antisperm antibody test is one of procedure which helps to see the
antigens in the body to see the immune system function toward sperm
invasion through blood test. If the immune system recognized or not the
sperm as the foreign object and produces white blood cells to kill
them.
2. Blood test
Routine blood test is not necessary for
infertility women, but sometimes blood test is ordered to check for
anaemia, blood type and antibody. Or sometimes to check estradiol, LH,
FSH and progesterone.
3. Cervical test
Cervical test is the
study of the cervical mucus thoughtout menstrual ccycles and to see the
mucus is friendly to sperm invasion or not, there are 2 types of
cervical test
a) Spinnbarkeit
With the Spinnbarkit is a self help
kit, it can be done by the women at comfort at her own home to exam the
mucus characteristics, because the mucus consistently change throughout
menstrual cycle.
b) Postcoital test
This test is done just before ovulation to see the cervical mucus is friendy to sperm invasion.
4. Endometrial biopsy
Endometrial
biopsy removes some tissue from the infertile women uterine lining to
chech for any endometrial adhesion and implants.
5. Hysteroscopy
It
is a study of infertile women uterine abnormality by placing a small,
thin with small telescope through the cervical canal to check the inside
of uterus.
6. Ovulation test
Since failure of ovulation is
account for over 25% of female infertility, your doctor may order
ovulation test right after first visit. It helps to determine" Are the
eggs produced each month?".
7. Progesterone test
Since
progesterone is produced with high amount right after the eggs has
emerged to stimulate ovulation because low levels of progesterone
interferes with the ovulation of women menstrual cycle, causing
infertility. Blood test is done at the 4 -9 days after predicted
ovulation for women with 28 days cycle.
8. Radioimmunoassays (RIAs)
Radioimmunoassay
(RIAs) is a very sensitive technique used to measure concentrations of
antigens including levels of testosterone, LH, FSH, prolactin. It helps
your doctor to determine that the infertility is not or caused by
hormone imbalance of certain hormones during menstrual cycle.
9.Tubub patency test
It
is the test to check the health of Fallopian tube and make sure there
is no blockage in the tube with X ray examination. Normally, dye is
injected through the cervix, it then fill the uterus and flows into the
Fallopian tube, if there is blockage, the pressure may build up causing
pain.
10 Ultrasound
The use of high frequency in ultrasound
exam to check for any abnormality in the region including the ovulation
scan which is see when egg mature and when a women ovulates and the
thickness of the uterine lining, etc.
11.Urinaryluteinizing hormone ( LH) test
This
is an urinary test which is used to check the levels of LH to igentify
the surge of LH just before ovulation. It usually use to determine the
best time for a couple to have sex and the female partner getting
pregnant.
Pregnancy Miracle
Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine
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