I. Dementia
A. Dementia
About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some
form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that
age.
Dementia is the loss of mental ability that is severe enough to
interfere with
people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of
dementia
in aging people. American typical diet contains high amount of saturated
and trans fat, artificial ingredients with less fruits and vegetable
which can lead to dementia and other kind of diseases.
B. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
People who have eaten contaminated
beef many years may be infected without even knowing it.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a quickly progressing and fatal disease
that consists of dementia, muscle twitching and spasm. CJD is characterized by rapidly progressive dementia. Initially,
individuals experience problems with muscular coordination;
personality changes, including
impaired memory, judgment, and thinking; and impaired vision. People
with the disease also
may experience insomnia, depression,
or unusual sensations.(1).
II. Treatments of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
There is no treatment that can cure or control CJD. The available
treatments are to relieve the symptoms and may help slow the disease.
1. Interleukins is defined as any of a group of naturally
occurring proteins that mediate communication between cells. The set of
interleukins stimulated by a specific infectious agent
determines which cells will respond to the infection and influences some
of the clinical manifestations of the disease(2). In a study of
anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 4 and interleukin 10 in the
cerebrospinal fluid of patients with CJD, patients with other dementia,
and nondemented neurological patients and controls. Dr. Stoeck K, and
the team at the University Hospital Göttingen, suggested that
Interleukin 10 levels were significantly elevated in the cerebrospinal
fluid of CJD patients (median, 9.8 pg/mL). The elevation was significant
to other dementia (median, 7.9 pg/mL, P<.05), motoneuron disease
(median, 7.9 pg/mL, P<.05), normal pressure hydrocephalus (median,
7.0 pg/mL, P<.05), and controls (median, 1.3 pg/mL, P<.001).
Levels of interleukin 4 were significantly elevated in cerebrospinal
fluid of patients with CJD (median, 26.4 pg/mL) compared with control
subjects (median, 6.2 pg/mL, P<.001) and patients with a motoneuron
disease (median, 10.5 pg/mL, P<.001)(3)
2. Other medication such as Quinacrine may have a potential in
treating Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), according to a report in The
Mail on Sunday, on Sunday 12 August 2001, entitled "Briton 'cured' in
CJD drug trial". The article described a 20-year-old female with
variant CJD who was treated in a pioneer drug trial including Quinacrine
in San Francisco and in whom the family reported neurological
improvement. A subsequent study on experimental animals showed no
benefit from Quinacrine (Collins et al.). Further laboratory work by
another scientific group (published in 2003, Barret et al.) only partly
confirmed the Prusiner results and failed to show any benefit in
experimental animals(4)
3. Medication to control aggressive and uncontrolled behavior, such
asgamma-aminobutyric acid, dopamine and serotonin may be helpful.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is progressing rapidly In the article of
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), the writer wrote that people with this
condition may need help controlling unacceptable or
dangerous behaviors. This involves rewarding positive behaviors and
ignoring negative behaviors (when it is safe). They may also need help
getting oriented to their surroundings. Getting legal help with advance
directives, powers of attorney, and
other legal actions early in the disorder can make it easier to make
ethical decisions about the CJD patient's care(5). Since the outcome of
the disease was very poor, most patient can not care for themselves in
the period of less than 6 months after
symptoms begin and most of them die in a short time, usually within 1
year or less.
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Sources
(1) http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/cjd/detail_cjd.htm#186463058
(2) http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/290335/interleukin-IL
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16216944
(4) http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/TREAT.htm
(5) http://www.hamiltonhealth.com/adm/content.asp?Path=HIE+Multimedia\1\000788.htm
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