Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals : The Holistic Prevention, Management and Treatment of PCOs analysed through Conventional Medicine Research and Studies (Part II)- The Conventional Supplement page

"The Holistic Prevention, Management and Treatment of PCOs analysed through Conventional Medicine Research and Studies" provides you the accurate information of the use of natural sources to prevent, management and treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, because all presentations are proven through convention research and studies found in PubMed. This is the second time, a research paper has been written this way to general public that you will not find any where in the net. We would like to provide more of this kind the research, but unfortunately, it is time consuming and burdened financially, we have run out of time and the site will be shut down Monday(July 6, 2015). If you like what you read, please donate generously to our site.
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Kyle J. Norton
Types of Conventional treatments

(Supplement pages, unedited)

There is no medical treatment for PCOs (induced weight loss for obese PCOs is primary objective). If pregnancy is not the concern, oral contraceptive medicine are prescribed. If pregnancy is a concern, the below have found to be most frequent treatment used conjunction with artificial insemination.

A. Fertility Drugs

1. Metformin

a) The effectiveness of metformin

Metformin, an oral anti-diabetic drug used to treat type II diabetes(652)(653) used widely in treating PCOs to induce weight loss in subjects with obesity,and infertility, improved insulin resistance(654)(655) by suppressing the production of endogenous glucose(656)(658) by the livcer(659)(661) and induced weight loss in obese patients(657)(658) through a reduction in calorie intake(657), as it makes insulin working more effective without changing the level of insulin in the body(659) by enhancing insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in skeletal muscle(659), which can lead to a lowering thyroid-stimulating hormone(660) and improved ovarian angiogenesis and follicular development(664) inhvolved PCOs pregancy(662)(663).

b) Side effects

i) Gastrointestinal upset(666)(667), especially for patient with disequilibrium of 2 genetic variations in OCT1(665), are mostly diarrhea(666)(667). Some patient may also experience nausea, vomiting, and decreased appetite(669).

ii) Reduce intestinal absorption of group B vitamins and folate in chronic therapy(668), may lead to accelerate the progression of vascular disease(668).

iii) Abdominal pain or cramps(669).

(iv) Metformin may have a growth-static effect on several cancers, including endometrial cancer, according to pre-clinical experiments(671)

2. Chomiphene (Clomid)

a) The effectiveness of chomiphene

It is considered as a fertility medication(670). The effectiveness of clomiphere is to induce ovulation(672) for natural conception for women with or without PCOs with luteal phase defect by stimulating the function of pituitary gland in series of hormone production(673), including LH, FSH. However, combination of metformin and clomiphene citrate may have some effects in improved pregnancy rates but not significantly improve the live birth rate over that of clomiphene citrate alone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome(674). Acupuncture, herbal medicine and clomiphenecombination used for treatment of infertility on women with PCOs have shown to improve the pregnancy rate and reduce early abortion rate (675), according to Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2015 Feb;35(2):114-8.

b) Side effects

i) Abdominal pain and cramps(676).

ii) Breast tenderness(676)

iii) Ovaries edema(677)(678)

iv) Central nervous symptoms such as nervousness, sleeplessness, headaches, visual disturbances, vertigo(682), irritability, mood swings, feeling down(680)

v) Bloating(682) and hot flushes(681).

vi) Nausea, vomiting and dermatitis(683)

(vi) Women with BRCA mutation carriers may be at increased risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (IEOC)(669).

(v) Risk of ovarian cysts(676)

(vi) Risk of ovarian cancer(684)(685)

(vii) Risks of melanoma and thyroid cancer(679).

3. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HcG)

a) The effectiveness of HCG

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HcG) is a hormone secreted by specialized cells called trophoblasts and later by the placenta following implantation(686)(687). The drug has been used conjunction of IVF for treatment of infertility to induce ovulation by stimulating the release of mature egg(688)(689), approximate 36 hour after taking it. HCG not only pinpoint the best time for sexual intercourse with success conception or assisting intrauterine insemination in egg retrieval(690)(691). The medicine also used for treatment to obese women with PCOs for weight loss(692)(693)(694) with controversy.

b) Side effects

Although side effects of HCG is not common, but some women may experience(697)

i) Headaches

ii) Irritability

iii) Restlessness, slight

iv) Water retention

v) Breast tenderness

vi) Depression

Other risks may include

(vii) Obstetrical complications, adverse perinatal outcomes, structural congenital abnormalities, chromosomal abnormalities, imprinting disorders, and childhood cancer(697)

(Vii) Ectopic pregnancy(689)

(viii) Blurred vision and scotomas(695).

(ix) Multiple pregnancy, miscarriage, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)(696)

4. Human menopause gonadotropin(HMG)(Menotropin)

a) The effectiveness of HMG

HMG contains natural FSH and LH, is a purified form of urine of post menopausal women(699). By stimulating production of LH and FSH to right levels, the drug induces ovulation and develop mature follicles(700). The medication may be also used if chomiphere therapy and other medication have been failed to induce ovulation(701).

b) Side effects

i) Risk of multiple pregnancy, and spontaneous abortion(702)

ii) Ovarian enlargement (Caused by over stimulation)(705)

iii) Ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome (OHSS)(703)(704)

iv) Risk of miscarriage(704)

v) Risk of ovarian cancer(706)(707)

vi) Shortness of breath, dizziness, pelvic pain, nausea, and vomiting(708).

5. Dexamethasone

a) The effectiveness of dexamethasone

Dexamethasone is a synthetic member of the glucocorticoid class of steroid hormones and a prescribed medication for fertility to induce ovulation(709) for artificial insemination(710)by suppressing the androgen levels(711), resulting in increasing the chance of fertility(710).

b) Side effects

i) Risk of miscarriage(710)

i) Risk of bone growth at different developmental stages(713)

Other side effects, according to Rxlist(712) include

sleep problems (insomnia), mood changes;
acne, dry skin, thinning skin, bruising or discoloration;
slow wound healing;
increased sweating;
headache, dizziness, spinning sensation;
nausea, stomach pain, bloating;
muscle weakness; or
changes in the shape or location of body fat (especially in your arms, legs, face, neck, breasts, and waist).

6. Surgery

Surgery is not commonly performed. If necessary, PCOs infertility can be treated by either a laparoscopic surgery also is known as ovarian drilling(714)(715), the surgical procedure is not proven to be effective for women with PCOs infertility if used alone with potential surgical risks(714) or wedge resection(716), only to PCOs patients did not conceive with standard ovulation induction protocols(717). It is to your benefit to forgo this type of expensive treatment in favour of other such as IVF.

B. Oral Contraceptive

Only if pregnancy is not the concerns

1. The benefits of oral contrecptive

a. Reduce total testosterone levels and acne(718)

b. Improve lipid profiles, hsCRP levels, insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism(719)(720)

b. Regular menstrual cycle(720)

c. Lower androgen hormone levels(720) and lessen the amount of excess hair growth (also called “hirsutism”)(720)(721).

d. Decreased mentrual Cramps, or No Cramps(722)

e. Reduce risk of colorectal and endometrial cancers(723), ovarian cancer(724), and ovarian cysts(725).

2. Risks and side effects

a) Risks
i) Risks of blood clots(728), stroke(728), heart disease(726), cervical cancer(724) and breast cancer(727)(723)

ii) Hypertension(726) and increase heart rate(726) caused by thickening of blood in arteries.