Monday 2 December 2013

Hemorrhaging: Hematuria - Diagnosis

Hemorrhaging is also known as bleeding or abnormal bleeding as a result of blood loss due to internal.external leaking from blood vessels or through the skin.
Hematuria
Hematuria is defined as a medical condition with the presence of blood in the urine.
Diagnosis(13)
In the review of 1502 study participants, routine urinalysis was performed in 73.2% and 164 (14.9%) subjects had documented hematuria (>3 red blood cells / high-power field) before inclusion, found that  42.1% had no further evaluation. Additional testing included 
1. Repeat urinalysis (36%),
The aim of urtnalysis, including  physical, chemical, and microscopic examinations, is to diagnose of urologic conditions such as calculi, urinary tract infection (UTI), and malignancy(14).

2. Urine culture (15.2%)
The mid stream urinary test to check for bacteria and germs in the urine. the aim is to test for urinary track infection.

3. Cytology (10.4%)
The aim of the test is to detect the irregular cells growth in the urinary track.

4. Imaging (22.6% overall
The aim of the test is to  evaluate the urinary tract including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, prostate, or urethra.
4.1.15.9% Computed tomography
The best choice to evaluate the kidneys and ureters.
4.2. 4.3% intravenous pyelography
Similar in analyzing the kidneys and ureters
4.3.  2.4% magnetic resonance imaging, and
Similar in analyzing the kidneys and ureters 
4.4. Cystoscopy (12.8%).
The best choice to examine the bladder with the use of a thin, flexible cystoscope which is insert in to the bladder via the urethra 
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Sources

(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20564400

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