Tuesday 12 November 2013

Chinese Herbs– Fu Xiao Mai (Semen Tritici Aestivi Levis)

Fu Xiao Mai is also known as common wheat. The sweet, salty and cold herb has been used in TCM as calming agent and to treat insomnia, palpitation, irritation, anxiety, emotional, bedwetting in children, etc., as it benefits the Qi, clears Heat, stops sweating, etc. by enhancing the function of heart, spleen and kidney channels.

Ingredients
1. Starch
2. Protein
3. Fat
4. Vitamin B
5. Vitamin E
6. Etc.
Health Benefits
1. Antioxidant effects
In the review of antioxidant activity-guided fractionation based on three in vitro antioxidant assays (Folin-Ciocalteu, TEAC, and leucomethylene blue assays) used to identify major antioxidants in blue wheat (UC66049 Triticum aestivum L.), found that Alkylresorcinols were among the most active antioxidants extractable with 80% ethanol in the TEAC assay. However, this may be due to a color change instead of a bleaching of the ABTS radical. Ferulic acid was found to be the major antioxidant in alkaline cell-wall hydrolysates, according to “Antioxidant Activity-Guided Fractionation of Blue Wheat (UC66049 Triticum aestivum L.)” byTyl CE, Bunzel M.(1) 2. Neuroprotective effects
In the demonstration of water extract of Triticum aestivum L. (TALE) and the protective effects against vascular dementia-induced damage by preserving the myelin sheath and inhibiting astrocytic activation of some of its components, found that TALE and some of its components can be used as a medicinal material for the development of neuroprotective agents against vascular dementia.
3. Cardiovascular disease
In the randomized, crossover study compared the effects of consuming high-fiber oat and wheat cereals on postprandial metabolic profiles in healthy men, found that Peak triglyceride concentration was lower after oat vs. wheat cereal consumption [2.3 +/- 1.2 (mean +/- standard deviation) vs. 2.9 +/- 1.3 mmol/L, p = 0.016]. Mean area under the triglyceride curve also tended to be lower (15.1 +/- 8.2 vs. 17.6 +/- 8.6 hours x mmol/L, p = 0.068). The free fatty acid area under the curve was elevated after the oat vs. the wheat products (3.64 +/- 0.91 vs. 3.38 +/- 0.98 hours x mmol/L, p = 0.018). These results suggest that high-fiber oat cereal influenced postprandial triglyceride and free fatty acid levels, which may have implications regarding cardiovascular disease risk, according to “Effects of high-fiber oat and wheat cereals on postprandial glucose and lipid responses in healthy men” by Maki KC, Davidson MH, Witchger MS, Dicklin MR, Subbaiah PV.(3)
4. Colon cancer
In the investigation of the effects of fermented aleurone on growth, apoptosis, differentiation, and expression of several genes using two different human colon cell lines (LT97 and HT29),
found that In LT97 cells, the fermentation supernatant (fs) aleurone reduced significantly the cell growth (EC(50) after 48 h = 7.6-8.3%), whereas the level of apoptotic cells was significantly increased (2.1-2.3-fold). Differentiation was enhanced in HT29 cells (1.8-fold) more than in LT97 cells (1.6-fold). Cell growth and apoptosis-related genes, namely WNT2B and p21, were induced by the fs (LT97, 1.7-3.3-fold; HT29, 7.9-22.2-fold), according to “Fermentation supernatants of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) aleurone beneficially modulate cancer progression in human colon cells” by Borowicki A, Stein K, Scharlau D, Glei M.(4)
5. Prostate cancer
found that the lectin Triticum vulgaris (WGA) was found to readily bind the carbohydrates N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid on the plasma membrane of tumorigenic cell lines. Interestingly, WGA bound carbohydrates located to the nucleus and cytoplasm in non-tumorigenic cell lines, indicating that N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid residues are preferentially expressed on the cell membrane of prostate cancer cells. Lectin staining patterns in cell lines of varying metastatic potential revealed no significant difference between highly metastatic vs. low metastatic cell lines, according to “Differential carbohydrate expression in tumorigenic vs nontumorigenic prostate cell-lines” by Pacis R, Pilat M, Yamazaki K, Pienta K.(5)
6. Etc.
Side Effects
1. Do not use the herb in case of sweating as a result of cold or influenza
2. Do not use the herb in newborn, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without consulting with the related field specialist.
3. Etc.

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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22225003
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20521983
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18453320

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