Chen Xiang is also known as Eagle Wood, the
bitter, acrid and warm herb has been used in traditional Chinese
medicine as antibiotic and anti asthmatic agent and to relieve pain,
spasm and epilepsy, to calm the central nervous system, treat frequent
urination or incontinence, etc., as it moves Qi, calms pain, harmonizes
the Middle Burner, warms the Kidneys, etc. by enhancing the functions of
spleen, stomach, kidney channels.
Ingredients
1. Essential oil
2. Agarol
2. Agarol
3. Agarospiol
4. Agarofuran
5. Dihydroagarofuran
6. 4-hydroxydihydroagarofuran
7. 3, 4-hihydroxydihydroagarofuran, nor-ketoagarofuran
8. Baimuxinol
9. Dehydrobaimuxinol
10. Dehydrobaimuxinaol
11. Baimuxinic acid
12. Bimuxinal[4,5]
13. Sinenofuranal [6]
14. Etc.
Health Benefits
1. Hypersensitivity reactions
In the investigation of the effects of the aqueous extract of Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. (Thymelaeaceae) on the immediate hypersensitivity reactions, found that The level of compound 48/80-induced intracellular cAMP in RPMC, when the extract was added, significantly increased about 8-fold at 10 s compared with that of basal cells. These results suggest that the aqueous extract of Aquilaria agallocha stems inhibits the immediate hypersensitivity reaction by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells, according to “Effect of the aqueous extract of Aquilaria agallocha stems on the immediate hypersensitivity reactions” by
1. Hypersensitivity reactions
In the investigation of the effects of the aqueous extract of Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. (Thymelaeaceae) on the immediate hypersensitivity reactions, found that The level of compound 48/80-induced intracellular cAMP in RPMC, when the extract was added, significantly increased about 8-fold at 10 s compared with that of basal cells. These results suggest that the aqueous extract of Aquilaria agallocha stems inhibits the immediate hypersensitivity reaction by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells, according to “Effect of the aqueous extract of Aquilaria agallocha stems on the immediate hypersensitivity reactions” by
Kim YC, Lee EH, Lee YM, Kim HK, Song BK, Lee EJ, Kim HM.(1)
2. Smooth muscle of intestine
In the evaluation of the effects of aqueous solution of Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum (Aquilaria agallocha) on the automatic contraction of isolated ileum of guinea-pigs, found that the purified aqueous solution mentioned above can decrease the intestinal contraction range in anesthetized cat caused by injection of acetylcholine. These experimental results show that Aquilaria agallocha acts against the smooth muscle of intestine directly, according to “[Pharmacological actions of lignum Aquilariae Resinatum (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.) on the smooth muscle of intestines].[Article in Chinese]” by Zhou YB.(2)
3. Antimicrobial activities
In the comparison of the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils which were obtained from agarwood originated from Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg stimulated by the chemical method (S1) and wild agarwood (S2) and healthy trees (S3) respectively as the positive and negative controls, found that The essential oil of S1 showed a similar composition to that of S2, being rich in sesquiterpenes and aromatic constituents. However, the essential oil of S3 was abundant in fatty acids and alkanes. Essential oils of S1 and S2 had better inhibition activities towards Bacillus subtilis and Staphyloccus aureus, compared with essential oil of S3. Escherichia coli was not sensitive to any of them, according to “Comparison of compositions and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from chemically stimulated agarwood, wild agarwood and healthy Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) gilg trees” by Chen H, Yang Y, Xue J, Wei J, Zhang Z, Chen H.(3)
4. Anti breast cancers
In the investigation of the volatile constituents from peel of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg. and its anti-tumor activity, indicated that the volatile components from peel of A. sinensis were analysed and a large number of characteristic elements of A. sinensis were detected for the first time. The chloroform extract from peel of A. sinensis significantly inhibited the proliferation of human breast cancer cells, according to “[Study on volatile components from peel of Aquilaria sinensis and the anti-tumor activity].[Article in Chinese]” by Xu WN, Gao XX, Guo XL, Chen YC, Zhang WM, Luo YS.(4)
5. Laxative effects
In the determination of the laxative effects of an ethanol extract of agarwood leaves (EEA) in a rat model of low-fiber diet-induced constipation, found that that EEA has a laxative effect, without causing diarrhea, in a rat model of low-fiber diet-induced constipation. These findings suggest that EEA may be highly effective on constipation as a complementary medicine in humans suffering from life style-induced constipation, according to “Laxative effects of agarwood on low-fiber diet-induced constipation in rats” by Kakino M, Tazawa S, Maruyama H, Tsuruma K, Araki Y, Shimazawa M, Hara H.(5)
6. Sedative activities
In the examination of Agarwood oil and spikenard extract for their sedative activity, using a spontaneous vapor administration system, found that a hexane extract of spikenard contained a lot of calarene, and its vapor inhalation had a sedative effect on mice. Individual principles benzylacetone, calarene, and alpha-gurjunene were administered to mice, which reproduced the result of the corresponding oil or extract. However, the most effective dose of the compounds was lower than their original content in the oil and extract (benzylacetone 0.1%, calarene 0.17%, alpha-gurjunene 1.5%), according to “Sedative effects of vapor inhalation of agarwood oil and spikenard extract and identification of their active components” by Takemoto H, Ito M, Shiraki T, Yagura T, Honda G.(6)
7. Central nervous system
In the examination of the neuropharmacological studies conducted with the extracts of petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, and water from agarwood (Aquilaria sp.; probably Aquilaria malaccensis Benth.) in mice, found that the benzene extract showed a reducing effect in spontaneous motility, a prolonging effect on hexobarbiturate-induced sleeping time, a hypothermic effect in terms of rectal temperature, and a suppressive effect on acetic acid-writhing by oral administration. Fr. 1 of the three fractions which were obtained from the benzene extract by column chromatography was found to produce more positive effects on these neuropharmacological tests than the original benzene extract, according to “Effects of agarwood extracts on the central nervous system in mice” by Okugawa H, Ueda R, Matsumoto K, Kawanishi K, Kato A.(7)
8. Etc.
In the evaluation of the effects of aqueous solution of Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum (Aquilaria agallocha) on the automatic contraction of isolated ileum of guinea-pigs, found that the purified aqueous solution mentioned above can decrease the intestinal contraction range in anesthetized cat caused by injection of acetylcholine. These experimental results show that Aquilaria agallocha acts against the smooth muscle of intestine directly, according to “[Pharmacological actions of lignum Aquilariae Resinatum (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.) on the smooth muscle of intestines].[Article in Chinese]” by Zhou YB.(2)
3. Antimicrobial activities
In the comparison of the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils which were obtained from agarwood originated from Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg stimulated by the chemical method (S1) and wild agarwood (S2) and healthy trees (S3) respectively as the positive and negative controls, found that The essential oil of S1 showed a similar composition to that of S2, being rich in sesquiterpenes and aromatic constituents. However, the essential oil of S3 was abundant in fatty acids and alkanes. Essential oils of S1 and S2 had better inhibition activities towards Bacillus subtilis and Staphyloccus aureus, compared with essential oil of S3. Escherichia coli was not sensitive to any of them, according to “Comparison of compositions and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from chemically stimulated agarwood, wild agarwood and healthy Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) gilg trees” by Chen H, Yang Y, Xue J, Wei J, Zhang Z, Chen H.(3)
4. Anti breast cancers
In the investigation of the volatile constituents from peel of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg. and its anti-tumor activity, indicated that the volatile components from peel of A. sinensis were analysed and a large number of characteristic elements of A. sinensis were detected for the first time. The chloroform extract from peel of A. sinensis significantly inhibited the proliferation of human breast cancer cells, according to “[Study on volatile components from peel of Aquilaria sinensis and the anti-tumor activity].[Article in Chinese]” by Xu WN, Gao XX, Guo XL, Chen YC, Zhang WM, Luo YS.(4)
5. Laxative effects
In the determination of the laxative effects of an ethanol extract of agarwood leaves (EEA) in a rat model of low-fiber diet-induced constipation, found that that EEA has a laxative effect, without causing diarrhea, in a rat model of low-fiber diet-induced constipation. These findings suggest that EEA may be highly effective on constipation as a complementary medicine in humans suffering from life style-induced constipation, according to “Laxative effects of agarwood on low-fiber diet-induced constipation in rats” by Kakino M, Tazawa S, Maruyama H, Tsuruma K, Araki Y, Shimazawa M, Hara H.(5)
6. Sedative activities
In the examination of Agarwood oil and spikenard extract for their sedative activity, using a spontaneous vapor administration system, found that a hexane extract of spikenard contained a lot of calarene, and its vapor inhalation had a sedative effect on mice. Individual principles benzylacetone, calarene, and alpha-gurjunene were administered to mice, which reproduced the result of the corresponding oil or extract. However, the most effective dose of the compounds was lower than their original content in the oil and extract (benzylacetone 0.1%, calarene 0.17%, alpha-gurjunene 1.5%), according to “Sedative effects of vapor inhalation of agarwood oil and spikenard extract and identification of their active components” by Takemoto H, Ito M, Shiraki T, Yagura T, Honda G.(6)
7. Central nervous system
In the examination of the neuropharmacological studies conducted with the extracts of petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, and water from agarwood (Aquilaria sp.; probably Aquilaria malaccensis Benth.) in mice, found that the benzene extract showed a reducing effect in spontaneous motility, a prolonging effect on hexobarbiturate-induced sleeping time, a hypothermic effect in terms of rectal temperature, and a suppressive effect on acetic acid-writhing by oral administration. Fr. 1 of the three fractions which were obtained from the benzene extract by column chromatography was found to produce more positive effects on these neuropharmacological tests than the original benzene extract, according to “Effects of agarwood extracts on the central nervous system in mice” by Okugawa H, Ueda R, Matsumoto K, Kawanishi K, Kato A.(7)
8. Etc.
Side Effects
1. Do not use the herb in case of prolapse of uterus
2. Chen Xiang may cause allergic effect
3. Overdose can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including nausea, borborygmus, diarrhea.
4. Etc.
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Sources(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9324002
(2) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZGZY198806024.htm
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21677602
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21434436
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21078136
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18404340
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8441779
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